边坡地形湍流风场特性

    Characteristics of turbulent wind fields over slope terrain

    • 摘要: 复杂地形风力机安装时吊装平台的开挖易形成边坡地形,改变了原始地形地貌,导致湍流风场特性发生变化,严重影响风力机的发电效率和安全运行。为分析吊装平台开挖后形成边坡地形的湍流风场特性,以二维山脊地形为研究对象,基于窄带湍流合成法(narrow band synthesis random flow generation,NSRFG)方法建立了大气湍流风场并作为数值计算的入流条件,对吊装平台5种开挖位置和5种开挖深度形成的边坡地形的风场进行大涡模拟研究。结果表明:在5种开挖位置形成的边坡地形条件下,随着距离平台高度的增大,各吊装平台处的风速呈现先增大后减小再增大的趋势,湍动能呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当开挖的吊装平台位于迎风侧时,风速和湍动能在离平台较低的位置达到稳定。随着开挖深度的增大,离平台较近的区域风速波动越大,当开挖深度为0.075倍的山脊高度时,风速变化范围最小,湍动能峰值也最小。该研究可为复杂地形条件下风力机吊装平台的开挖提供参考依据。

       

      Abstract: Wind power is one of the most pivotal components in the renewable energy infrastructure against global climate and fossil-fuel depletion over the past decade. However, the flat and open terrain cannot fully meet the demand to install the wind turbines, particularly with the rapid development of wind power industry. Consequently, a number of turbines are deployed on the complex terrain, such as mountain ridges. Furthermore, the cut slopes can be formed by the hoisting assembly platforms for the wind turbine installation on complex terrains in engineering practice, leading to the varying topography and vegetation coverage. This terrain modification can significantly alter the turbulence characteristics of the wind fields, severely impairing wind turbine power generation efficiency and operational safety. This study aims to explore the turbulent wind fields characteristics over the slope terrain. A two-dimensional ridge terrain was also utilized as the research object. An atmospheric turbulent wind field was established as the inflow condition using narrow band synthesis random flow generation (NSRFG). Large eddy simulations (LES) were subsequently conducted to determine the wind fields over slope terrains. Five excavation positions and five excavation depths were obtained for the hoisting platform. The results show that the wind speed exhibited the following pattern (first increased, then decreased, increases once more, and finally stabilized) with the increasing height at the excavation sites for the five wind turbine installation platforms. When the installation platform was located on the windward side, the wind speed increased and stabilized at the lowest height (compared with the rest locations). As height above the platform increased, turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) demonstrated an initial increase, followed by a decrease, before ultimately reaching a steady state. The minimum TKE peak was achieved to require the lowest height for the TKE stabilization, when the platform was windward positioned, compared with the rest installation positions. There was the minimal influence of the flow separation caused by embankment topography on the turbulent flow characteristics at wind turbine installation platforms under windward siting configurations. Therefore, the windward ridge slope was recommended for the wind turbine installations in the complex terrain. As the excavation depth of the wind turbine installation platform increased, the wind speed fluctuations were intensified at positions closer to the platform surface. At 0.195 times the ridge height excavation depth (0.195H), the wind speed variation range was 1.67 times greater than that at 0.075 times the ridge height excavation depth (0.075H). Among the five excavation depths, the maximum turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) was obtained at 0.165 times the ridge height excavation depth (0.165H), while the minimum peak TKE occurred at 0.075 times the ridge height excavation depth (0.075H). The turbulent flow characteristics shared the minimal interference from the slope terrain-induced flow separation, when the installation platform was excavated to 0.075 times the ridge height (0.075H). Therefore, the excavation depth was the lower tip of the rotor plane over the summit elevation for the wind turbine installations in sloped terrain. This configuration can be expected to minimize the flow separation disturbances in the incoming airstream.

       

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