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蜜瓜运输共振频率的测定及其对储藏品质的影响

程 旭, 杨晓清, 董同力嘎

程 旭, 杨晓清, 董同力嘎. 蜜瓜运输共振频率的测定及其对储藏品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(11): 294-299. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.11.042
引用本文: 程 旭, 杨晓清, 董同力嘎. 蜜瓜运输共振频率的测定及其对储藏品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(11): 294-299. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.11.042
Cheng Xu, Yang Xiaoqing, Dong Tongliga. Measurement of transportation resonance frequency and its influence on qualities of muskmelon during storage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2015, 31(11): 294-299. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.11.042
Citation: Cheng Xu, Yang Xiaoqing, Dong Tongliga. Measurement of transportation resonance frequency and its influence on qualities of muskmelon during storage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2015, 31(11): 294-299. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.11.042

蜜瓜运输共振频率的测定及其对储藏品质的影响

基金项目: 内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2013MS1204);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY13078);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD38B01)

Measurement of transportation resonance frequency and its influence on qualities of muskmelon during storage

  • 摘要: 为避免蜜瓜运输过程中因发生共振现象导致储藏期间品质的下降,试验通过数据采集与信号分析软件中的加窗函数结合传递函数分析测出蜜瓜的共振频率,同时测定了共振频率与硬度的变化趋势以及共振频率和低频振动后储藏期间蜜瓜品质的变化。结果表明:通过加窗函数结合传递函数分析可以将有效信号从杂乱信号中提取,可稳定检测到蜜瓜的共振频率;不同硬度区间的蜜瓜可测得不同范围的共振频率,硬度较高的蜜瓜其共振频率也相对较大,共振频率与硬度呈极显著正相关,决定系数R2=0.9132;不论共振频率还是低频率使振动后的果品硬度、可溶性固形物均呈下降趋势,损伤体积率表现为显著上升,不论低频还是共振频率,对振后可溶性固形物含量的影响无明显区别,共振频率下引起的损伤率增大明显高于低频率的情况,因此共振是引起果品运输损伤的主要原因;振动后储藏期间可溶性固形物含量和损伤率的变化与储藏时间均存在很高的线性拟合关系,拟合决定系数大于0.95,实际运输中可通过设计采用缓冲包装和适当的运输方式避开共振频率、达到最大程度减小果品品质衰变和预测并延长货架期的目的。采用加窗函数结合传递函数的测定和分析方法也为同类型和其他果品寻求共振频率、在运输过程中避开共振频率点而达到减损目的提供了借鉴和参考,为相关运输保护措施的建立奠定理论基础。
    Abstract: Abstract: Muskmelons, a typical fruit with excellent flavor produced in northwest of China, are always harvested from late July to mid-August. At time of harvest, it floods the local market. Transportation and circulation of the muskmelon outside the area are common and trucks are the most usual and important tools for the product transportation and distribution. However, the fruits are easily injured during the transportation because they contain high percentage of water in their fresh forms and are continuing to ripen during transportation resulting from their physiological function through post-harvest respiration. Injure of fruits caused by vibration during long distance transportation manifest typically itself in two aspects. One lies in acceleration due to vibration caused by repeated low-stress fatigue damage, the other is the vibration at resonant frequency, which is a special case in the random vibration. Resonant frequency is mainly affected by the damping force, followed with the object shape, mass and firmness and widely known to be harmful in most mechanical systems but few reports have been published about its harmfulness in fruits transportation. In addition, how to measure the resonant frequency and to further improve the accuracy of random vibration analysis of fruits transportation have not been reported. This study was to investigate the resonant frequency and to improve the accuracy of random vibration analysis in the vibration process through simulating actual transportation situation by the use of both window function and transferring analysis on the platform of DASP software, which enhanced useful information in signals and weaken those useless ones. The window functions essentially referred to limit the scope of signal and observation time, and data must be windowed in order to minimize spectrum leakage. To maximize the credibility of the data processing results and minimize errors due to spectrum leakage, Hanning window of DASP software was used in the test with the number of analysis points greater than 8 192 and overlapping coefficient 31/32. Resonant frequency of sample, which can be detected repeatedly through Hanning window functions, was the one when the maximum acceleration transferring rate was achieved during the whole sweep frequency process with a value of 35.38 Hz. Meanwhile, resonant frequencies of different ripeness groups of muskmelons with firmness of (7-8.2)×105, (5.4-6.8)×105 and (4.1-5.2)×105 Pa were achieved respectively with the value of 41.8-45.5, 36.2-38.87 and 33.25-36.8 Hz, showing significant positive correlation between resonant frequency and firmness of muskmelons with a correlation coefficient 0.9132. The study of the impact of both resonant frequency vibration and low frequency vibration on the qualities, such as firmness, soluble solid content (SSC) and damage volume rate (DVR), was carried out as well as the prediction model during storage. The low frequencies of 4 and 6 Hz were adopted in the test according to survey of truck transportation profiles combining with characteristics of muskmelons at the speed of 50-70 km/h in northwest of China. Methods were respectively used to determine the firmness, SSC and DVR. The results showed that the qualities of muskmelons always deteriorated during storage after vibration with prolonging vibration time under any vibration frequency. As both the firmness and SSC decreased, the DVR sharply increased. In addition, the DVR caused by vibration of resonant frequency was obviously greater than that of low frequency in the condition of long lasting time. Multiple linear regression models using storage time and quality parameters obtained showed better correlation (R2﹥0.95). This study demonstrated the feasibility of detecting the resonant frequency during fruits transportation vibration using window functions and of predicting shelf life of muskmelons postharvest, and also provides basic foundation for appropriate package avoiding resonant frequency in real transportation conditions.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2014-12-21
  • 修回日期:  2015-05-10
  • 发布日期:  2015-05-31

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