轴流泵叶轮导水锥型式对叶轮水力性能的影响

    Effects of guide cone configuration on hydraulic performance of axial-flow pump impeller

    • 摘要: 为探究轴流泵叶轮导水锥的设计方法,揭示导水锥流场的内部流动特性以及不同型式导水锥流场与叶轮流场之间的相互影响关系,并对导水锥头部圆整问题进行初步探索,该文基于三维不可压缩流体的雷诺平均N-S方程和k-ε湍流模型,采用6种型式的导水锥,利用Fluent软件对各型导水锥流场及其叶轮流场进行三维流场计算。结果表明:出口流场均匀性最好的维多辛斯基式导水锥的叶轮水力效率最高,而出口流场均匀性最差的直锥式导水锥叶轮水利效率最低。叶轮对水流的预旋作用对导水锥流道出口断面轴向速度分布均匀度影响较大,而对速度加权平均偏流角和水力损失的影响很小。同时,水流预旋对导水锥出口流场的轴向速度影响较大,切向速度影响较小。导水锥流场液流越近叶轮,其受叶轮旋转的影响越大。适当增加导水锥的长度可提高叶轮水力效率,但导水锥长度过长会导致水力损失增加,建议导水锥长度最佳取值范围为叶轮外径的 0.5~0.7 倍。导水锥头部的圆整,可有效消除因尖锐头部造成的逆压梯度,从而减少流场的不稳定性。随导水锥头部圆整长度的增加,导水锥的水力损失降低,叶轮水力效率升高。建议导水锥头部圆整位置距导水锥头部应为导水锥长度的1/8~1/7倍。研究可为高效轴流泵水力模型设计提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: Axial-flow pump is widely used in Chinese agricultural production. Guide cone as an important component of impeller for axial-flow pump can enhance the flow quality of pump inlet. To find feasible design method of guide cone, investigate the influence between flow field of guide cone and that of impeller and make a preliminary exploration about rounding way of guide cone, the flow passages about six different types of guide cone with impellers were numerically simulated. The numerical simulation was based on the three dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and k-ε turbulent model. SIMPLEC algorithm was applied to solve a discretization governing equation. Velocity of the calculation model was 2.92 m/s, and pressure of outlet was 101325 Pa. The design parameters of impeller included 5 blades, design flow of 330 m3/h, head of 5.1 m, rotating speed of 1450 r/min, diameter of impeller of 200 mm, and hub diameter of 118 mm. Based on a laboratory test performed on a DN200 test bench to measure the pumping head, discharge, and other parameters for calculation of head and efficiency, we found that the simulated and measured head and efficiency had relative error less than 4%, indicating the feasibility of the simulation method for flow field simulation of guide cones. After cooperating with the impeller, the flow field simulation results of guide cone showed that the Witozinsky guide cone was best with the highest impeller hydraulic efficiency but the circular guide cone was worst with the lowest impeller hydraulic efficiency. It indicated that the better exit flow field the guide cone flow passage had, the higher hydraulic efficiency of axial-flow pump impeller was. The rotating of impeller had effects on the uniformity of axial velocity distribution in the export section of cone flow field, but the effect of head loss and velocity weighted average drift angle was very small. The rotating of impeller also had effects on the axial-velocity distribution of outlet flow field, and little influence on radial-velocity distribution. The short distance between export section of cone with the impeller tended to increase the influence of the impeller rotating on the cross section. Appropriate increase of guide water cone length could improve the hydraulic efficiency of the impeller and the uniformity of axial velocity distribution, reduce the velocity weighted average drift angle and turbulence intensity of the export section of guide cone flow field. However, with increasing the length of guide cone, the hydraulic loss of guide cone would increase. Based on the results above in combination with practical application, we suggested that the optimal length of the guide cone with impeller was 0.5-0.7 times as impeller diameter. Meanwhile, the study showed that the adverse pressure gradient caused by the water cone sharp head could decrease the velocity of guide cone flow, which could induce the flow separation and flow disturbance. So the roundness of the water cone sharp head was necessary. After investigating the rounding coefficient, we found that the increase of water cone round length was able to reduce the hydraulic loss of guide cone and improve the impeller hydraulic efficiency. After tentative exploration, we suggested that the optimal round length of guide cone was 1/8-1/7 times as length of guide cone. The study has very important significance for the optimal design of axial-flow pump hydraulic model and the large-scale pumping station renovation.

       

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