智能低温远红外真空干燥机的设计与试验

    Design and experiment of intelligent far-infrared-vacuum low-temperature dryer

    • 摘要: 针对现有干燥设备存在的干燥效率低、品质差、操作繁琐、智能化程度低,难以满足高水分物料快速干燥等问题,集成水汽捕集装置和智能化控制技术,改进设计出智能低温远红外真空干燥机。该干燥机由加热系统、真空系统、制冷系统、智能电控系统和辅助系统等组成,干燥过程中通过水汽捕集装置来快速凝结干燥过程中的大量水蒸气,通过智能化电控系统对物料质量、物料温度、加热板温度、仓内真空度、仓内湿度和单位能耗等工艺参数在一定范围内进行实时监控,实现了干燥全程自动化。该文详细阐述了智能低温远红外真空干燥机工作原理和总体结构的设计要点,确定了主要工作部件设计结构和相关参数。以高水分物料白萝卜为试验材料进行性能验证试验,结果表明:整机结构合理,性能稳定,安全可靠,与传统远红外真空干燥机相比,干燥时间缩短了22.14%,处理量增加了31.58%,干燥能力提高了31.52%,平均脱水速率达到21.7%/h,提高了28.4个百分点,单位能耗降低了13.33%,干燥均匀系数达0.97。干制品细胞破损率、变形率、收缩率等明显(P<0.05)下降,色、香、味、形、口感等得到提升,感官品质得到保证。该研究解决了现有干燥设备存在的干燥效率低、品质差、智能化程度低以及难以满足高水分物料快速干燥等问题,为智能化远红外真空干燥技术应用于高水分物料快速干燥提供了技术依据。

       

      Abstract: In recent years, dehydrated fruits and vegetables processing industry is developed rapidly,the demand is increasing year by year, not only is used a lot by instant noodles production manufacturers, but also solved the problem of the border, the geological department have difficult in having vegetables.Therefore, the dehydration vegetable market prospect is bright, the development potential is great.For the problems of the production efficiency is low, poor quality, high production cost, large energy consumption, complicated operation, intelligent degree low and it is difficult to meet the high moisture quick drying and other issues in the current process of dehydrated fruits and vegetables, this study combines the advantages of far infrared and vacuum drying methods, integrated water vapor trapping set device and intelligent control technology, the intelligent low temperature far infrared vacuum dryer was designed.The dryer is made up of heating system, vacuum system, cooling system, intelligent electronic control system and auxiliary system.In the process of drying, a large amount of water vapor in the process of rapid setting and drying process was achieved by using water vapor trap device, through the intelligent electronic control system for material weight, material temperature, heating temperature, the degree of vacuum inside the warehouse, the warehouse humidity and energy consumption and other process parameters within a certain range of real-time monitoring to achieve the full automation of drying.This study described the intelligent far-infrared vacuum dryer working principle and the design points of general structure, identified the design structure of the main working parts and related parameters.Using this machine and the traditional far infrared vacuum dryer, under the same experimental conditions(far infrared radiation heating temperature was 70 ℃, vacuum degree of 3 000 Pa, the material thickness of 7mm), with high water material turnip as experimental material performance verification contrast experiment was carried out.Selected drying time, processing capacity, dehydration rate, dry strength, drying capacity, drying uniformity coefficient and unit energy consumption as the device performance evaluation index, and do specific analysis for the sensory quality of turnip.The results showed that the structure was reasonable, the performance was stable, safe and reliable, Comparied with traditional far-infrared vacuum dryer, the dry time was shortened by 22.14%, the processing capacity was 31.58%, and the drying capacity was increased by 31.52%, the average dehydration rate was 28.40%, the unit energy consumption was reduced by 13.33%, and the drying uniformity coefficient was 0.97.Stem cell breakage rate products, deformation rate, shrinkage rate decreased significantly, higher surface flatness saving rate, cell breakage and less deformation, micro morphological structure remains good, could truly reflect the organizational structure of the original sample, and achieved good drying effect, color, smell, taste, shape, texture and other evaluation would be enhanced sensory quality guaranteed.The research has solved the problems of low efficiency, low quality, high production cost, low energy consumption, high operation complexity and low intelligence.It can meet the requirements of the drying of most fruits and vegetables and provides the technical basis for the intelligent remote infrared vacuum drying technology applied to the high moisture content.

       

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