苑进, 李扬, 刘雪美, 赵新学, 何林飞. 禽蛋自动捡拾系统结构设计及机械手运动规划[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(8): 48-55. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.08.007
    引用本文: 苑进, 李扬, 刘雪美, 赵新学, 何林飞. 禽蛋自动捡拾系统结构设计及机械手运动规划[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(8): 48-55. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.08.007
    Yuan Jin, Li Yang, Liu Xuemei, Zhao Xinxue, He Linfei. Structure design of egg auto-picking system and manipulator motion planning[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2016, 32(8): 48-55. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.08.007
    Citation: Yuan Jin, Li Yang, Liu Xuemei, Zhao Xinxue, He Linfei. Structure design of egg auto-picking system and manipulator motion planning[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2016, 32(8): 48-55. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.08.007

    禽蛋自动捡拾系统结构设计及机械手运动规划

    Structure design of egg auto-picking system and manipulator motion planning

    • 摘要: 针对目前国产自动集蛋设备自动化程度低,无法满足自动化禽蛋生产需要的问题,设计了包括禽蛋运输装置、震动矫正装置和捡拾执行装置的禽蛋自动捡拾系统,开发了禽蛋捡拾控制系统,实现了传送带上禽蛋的自动捡拾装盘功能;分析确定了捡拾机械手提升舵机输出力矩和吸盘吸气压力参数,优选了捡拾机械手的提升舵机和抽气泵,研究了机械手路径规划、追踪路线预估及取蛋-放蛋方案,加工了禽蛋自动捡拾系统样机,开展了样机捡蛋成功率、捡拾速率和取蛋-放蛋方案优化试验。试验结果表明:该装置操作简单、定位可靠,捡拾机械手捡蛋成功率达到98.3%,捡蛋入盘操作速率每次最快达2.4 s;禽蛋自动捡拾系统采用从传送带远离机械手一侧开始同向取蛋与蛋托左端靠近机械手一侧开始同向放蛋的组合,捡拾30枚鸡蛋平均所用时间最短为73.2 s。该研究为禽蛋自动化生产中的捡拾系统结构设计提供了参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: At present, egg collection device appears that the automatic degree is low, and cannot meet the needs of automatic egg production in China. In order to solve the problem, this paper designs an egg auto-picking device. Such device consists of egg transport device, shake correcting device, egg picking execution device and automatic control system. Egg transport device comprises silica gel tank conveyor belt, driving roller with optical encoder, driven roller, servo motor and conveyor belt clamping device. Egg transport device is used for collecting, storing and transferring eggs. Shake correcting device is composed of spring, pulse electromagnet and beat parts. Several shake correcting devices are installed in the correcting area under the conveyor belt with equal space. Shake correcting device is used for arranging eggs on conveyor belt by a disorderly state into an ordered arrangement state. Egg picking execution device includes parallel picking-up structure and control system. Egg picking execution device is used for picking up eggs and transferring them to plate. Parallel picking-up structure consists of active arm, slave arm and picking manipulator. Picking manipulator is composed of rotation steering gear, enhancement steering gear, silicone sucker, and vacuum holes. The working process of egg auto-picking device is as follows: when the eggs go into the picking area, the proximity sensor will sense the array of eggs on the conveyor belt. The received signals by MCU(microcontroller unit) are transferred to personal computer (PC) controller via RS232 serial port. PC controller receives signals and calculates real-time coordinates for each egg. The PCL-839 control card based on PC controls the stepper motor drive through a closed loop controller. When the driving arm motor moves, the vacuum sucker at the end of the picking manipulator will trace the eggs and eventually pick up them. Simultaneously, SCM(single chip microcomputer) receive signals sent by the PC controller, and the steering gear controls the vacuum sucker to rotate upward by 90°. In this way eggs can be made vertical. At last, the picking manipulator transfers eggs on a tray. The eggs auto-picking device achieves the automatically picking up the eggs on the assembly line, improves the efficiency of egg automatic picking and frees up the labor. Picking manipulator is a core component of egg auto-picking device, and directly affects the success rate of egg picking and the working efficiency. By analyzing the working process of picking manipulator, the enhancement steering gear’s output torque and the sucker’s suction pressure are determined. On this basis, suitable enhancement steering gear of picking manipulator and suction pump are selected. In the process of research, we focus on the structural design of picking manipulator, the manipulator path planning, the route tracking prediction and the picking-laying solutions. Finally, the prototype of automatic egg collection device is manufactured; at the same time, the test of the success rate of egg picking, the egg picking-up speed and the optimization picking-laying solution is conducted. The results show that automatic egg collection device has the advantages of simple working and reliable location. Egg picking success rate reaches 98.3%, and the fastest operating speed of picking up the eggs into the pan can reach 2.4 s. The shortest time of optimum picking-laying solution is 73.2 s when the execution device picks up 30 eggs. This conclusion provides the reference for the structural design of picking device in automatic egg production systems.

       

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