Abstract: In past decades, with the development of modern industry, more and more non-renewable fossil resources, such as oil and coal, have been applied to fabricate materials and fuel.It promotes the prosperity of material civilization of human society, but it also causes biomass resources to be discarded and wasted, and results in serious pollution of environment.Therefore, the way to develop the biomass resource, especially the reusing of disused biomass resources has been attracted considerable attentions from governments and scientists over the world.In this paper, based on introducing main resources of waste biomass materials and their traditional processing method, according to the latest research development trends in recent years, the novel pathway for the reutilization of waste biomass materials has been summarized.Waste biomass sources are very extensive and there are varied ways in treating and using these materials.Main sources of waste biomass materials are waste of agricultural production, subsidiary agricultural products, food processing waste, forestry and urban greening waste and life rubbish.Currently, more than 1 billion tons of solid wastes are generated per year in cities of world, and waste generation rates will be more than double over the next 20 years in lower income countries.As the ingredients of biomass wastes are complex, dealing it with improper ways will damage environment and people’s health seriously.The traditional methods for processing waste biomass mainly include combustion, feed, fertilizer and matrix.The advantages of these treats are simple operation, high yield and low running charge.However, it can not only cause serious hazards to ecological environment, but also cause the waste of resources.Therefore, more and more technologies for reusing discarded biomass have been developed.A typical ecologic friendly comprehensive technology for reutilization of discarded straw is edible fungi cultivation - feeding pig-biogas generation-fertilizing the soil.In some discarded biomass, the active ingredients or biopolymers can be extracted and applied to medicine or any other regions.A great number of natural polymers can also be extracted from discarded biomass, and used to prepare polymer materials, such as lignin, cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, humic acid and protein.Using bio-refinery, the discarded biomass can be cut down, and the obtained different monomers can be used to prepare bio-based polymer materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and poly(itaconic acid) (PIA).In recent years, it is found that the biosynthesis is a kind of effective method for preparing degradable polymer materials, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly-g-glutamic acid (g-PGA), e-Poly-L-Lysine (e-PL), poly(b-malic acid) (b-PMLA), poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC).With the progress in characterization and synthesis, more and more novel polymer materials with different functions have been prepared, such as biomedical polymers, smart polymers, energy materials, nano materials and catalytic materials.In summary, it is an important development trend to prepare the novel matrix and functional material from waste biomass.