波浪高度及方向对桩柱式围网养殖系统网片水力特性的影响

    Effect of wave height and direction on hydraulic characteristics of net of pile-column type net enclosure aquaculture system

    • 摘要: 浅海围网养殖是一种生态型养殖模式,桩柱式围网是其中最为典型的模式之一,主体由排桩和网片组成。围网网衣系统安全是决定围网工程安全的关键所在。针对桩柱式围网,采用数值模拟方法对其主要构成部件单元网片在波浪条件下的变形和受力等水力特性进行了研究,重点分析了波高(1、2、3、4、5 m)和波向(10°、30°、50°、70°、90°)条件下围网网片的网线张力分布、结节偏移和桩柱系缚点受力特性及影响关系。结果表明,桩柱式围网单元网片的网线最大张力部位主要出现在网片上端两侧位置,应用时建议强化顶部纲绳的设计考虑;波向为30°~70°时,网线最大张力有一段较小的增加量,而结节最大偏移随波向的增大而增大;网片与桩柱系缚点的最大受力呈现两端大中间小的现象,建议强化顶部和底部系缚点。以上研究结果可为桩柱式围网工程设计与安装提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: The net enclosure aquaculture (NEA) is a new developing ecological aquaculture pattern in shallow water. The typical patterns include the pile-column type NEA, the shore-cascade type NEA and the floating rope NEA. The pile-column type NEA is mainly composed of piles and net panels. The net system is one of the most important factors which affect the security of the whole NEA system. Because of its especial structure, there are few related reports. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out research on the hydraulic characteristics of unit net of pile-column type net enclosure in waves. Because unit net belongs to the typical flexible structure, the computing model can be established by the lumped mass point method. Based on Newton's second law, the equation of particle motion was established to illustrate the motion response of net panel in wave. Wave force can be calculated through the Morison equation. The equation of motion is a typical second order partial differential equation. There are a variety of methods to solve the equation, such as the Euler method and the Runge-Kutta method. In this paper, the program was computed in code, which could obtain a good convergence by using the Euler method. Firstly, the wave force on cables, and the strain produced by the cable deformation were calculated, with the assumption that the net panel was plane without deformation at the beginning. Secondly, the motion equations of each lumped point, which were typical second order partial differential equation, could be obtained according to the Newton equation. Then, the forward Euler's method was used to calculate the particle displacement and velocity at the next time step. Finally, the particle position and velocity were taken as new state parameters of net panel, and the above steps were repeated until the end of time. The results showed that wave height and wave direction had a significant effect on the maximum tension force in twines, the maximum displacement of nodes and the maximum load at fixing points. The maximum tension of netting twine mainly appeared on both sides of the top position of the net panels and it increased with the wave height increasing. Remarkable increase of the maximum tension in netting twines was found when the wave direction was between 30o and 70o. The maximum offset of net panels was observed mainly at the mid-upper position of the net and it showed a positive correlation with the wave height and wave direction. The maximum load at the fixing points on the pile-column appeared at the top point. The second maximum load point occurred at the bottom. Both of them were much larger than those at the middle fixing points. Therefore, in actual engineering, it is suggested that the fixing points at the top and bottom should be strengthened peculiarly, and the cables at both ends of the top and bottom net should be thickened. At the same time, the maximum offset and corresponding position are important indices for the layout of net and the installation of relevant equipment. So, the reasonable design of related spacing should be considered and the affiliated structures should not be installed within the maximum offset scope to prevent the cables and lines from breaking due to touching and friction. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the design, production and offshore installation of the pile-column type NEA engineering.

       

    /

    返回文章
    返回