鸡蛋电子称量分级包装生产线自动控制系统设计与试验

    Design and test of automatic control system for egg electronic weighing and grading packaging production line

    • 摘要: 鸡蛋质量分级是鸡蛋生产加工和销售前处理的重要工序之一,为了提高鸡蛋分级的生产效率和准确率,该文研究了一种用于鸡蛋电子称量、分级包装的同步跟踪自动控制系统,由称量部分、分级部分、装盘部分和自动送盘部分组成。利用一种32位嵌入式RISC处理器ARM同时采集多个通道传感器的鸡蛋质量信号并进行处理,将处理后的信息通过并行口送到可编程逻辑控制器PLC的寄存器,PLC对鸡蛋质量进行等级判断。利用限位开关脉冲作为数据传递的触发信号,然后利用编码器产生的高速脉冲实现对鸡蛋运动的位置精确定位,并控制相应的执行元件,配合机械装置的运动,解决了鸡蛋6排称量转单排线后的位置同步跟踪、对应电磁铁的准时动作和复位及分级之后鸡蛋自动装盘的难点,完成质量采集、分级卸料、装盘、送盘等动作,实现对不同质量等级范围鸡蛋的精确分级包装。试验结果表明,该控制系统测量误差在±1 g以内的鸡蛋占85.6%,分级准确率达到98%,生产效率为30 000枚/h,该研究结果有助于提高鸡蛋分级的生产效率,可为鸡蛋分级技术国产化提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: It is generally known that egg weight classification is one of the most important processes of egg production, processing and sales. In order to improve the production efficiency and accuracy of egg grading, this paper introduces a synchronous tracking automatic control system, which is used for electronic weighing and grading packaging of eggs. This new system is based on the task group design of egg grading packaging machine, and composed of 4 parts, namely, a weighing part, a grading part, a loading plate part and an automatic feeding part. The egg grading packaging process includes egg weight detection, data processing, data communication, egg position synchronous tracking and quick boot and reset of electromagnet. Advanced RISC machines (ARM) are used to process egg weight signals collected by multiple-channel sensors, and the weight signal is intercepted in a stable period of time for about 70 ms after the simulation of filter, nonlinear correction, and frequency compensation. Then the system uses the average value to perform filter processing. Firstly the processing of information is through the free port communication protocol, which is sent to the programmable logic controller (PLC) of the register; secondly, the PLC controls to start the corresponding discharge electromagnet by judging the grade of egg weights. Then, as the reference signal frequency of external pulse, the high-speed pulse produced by the encoder precisely is applied to locate the position of the movement of the egg by using the method of data location transmission. Then the corresponding actuators are controlled together with the movement of the mechanical device, and the links of weight acquisition, classification of unloading, traying and sending the disc are completed to achieve accurate grading and packing for the eggs in different weight level range. Three hundred eggs are randomly selected as the experimental samples, and electronic scale weighs actual weight and records data. After using ARM to measure the weight of the egg, the weight information is sent to PLC, which is then real-time displayed in the upper computer and compared with the actual weight. At the same time, PLC controls the corresponding discharge solenoid action, so that the eggs of different weights can fall into the egg transfer tray of corresponding level. After we finish the measurement and grading of 300 eggs, each egg is tested continuously for 10 times and the data are recorded. The experimental results show that the weighing error of this control system is between -1 and 1 g, which accounts for 85.6%; the weighing error of this control system is between -1.5 and 1.5 g, which accounts for 95.3%; and the classification accuracy rate reaches 98%. When the egg weight is at the boundary value of 2 levels, it is likely to be assigned to the wrong class because of the measurement error, which greatly affects the accuracy. The research results can help to improve the production efficiency of egg grading, which provides a reference for the localization of egg grading technology.

       

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