Abstract: Abstract: As the core element of agricultural production, arable land resource provides an important support for regional food security and rural economic and social development. The measurement of arable land resource poverty and the revelation of its space aggregation and alienation pose a great significance to improve the arable land utilization, coordinate the urban, rural and regional development and target the poverty alleviation. This paper establishes a model of arable land poverty index, which combines dynamic analytic hierarchy process (AHP), exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), and Moran’s index, to conduct the research on the poverty of arable land resource and its spatial aggregation and alienation in 37 regions and counties of Chongqing City through building an evaluation system for rural arable land poverty measurement on the basis of the concept “arable resource poverty”. The study shows, in time dimension, the arable land poverty in Chongqing City gradually reduces and the large gaps between regions and counties indicate a decrease year by year. With the progress of farming technologies, land policies and infrastructure, the capabilities of human to adapt to the arable land poverty are enhancing. However, the arable land resource tends to shift from natural poverty to social and economic poverty. In spatial dimension, the poverty of arable land resource in Chongqing City presents a trend of northeast>southeast>new city district>main urban area based on the degree of poverty mainly due to the regional natural environment conditions, the resource spatial distribution and the huge difference of regional economic and social status. The high value area of poverty moves from southeast to northeast, while the low value area radiates from the main urban area towards the new city district. Based on the spatial connection, the spatial aggregation of arable land resource among regions and counties in Chongqing becomes visible, and the aggregation profits are increasing, while part of similar values are weakening, and the high-high aggregation areas are mainly situated in the southeast and northeast areas of Chongqing, and the low-low aggregation areas are located in the main urban area and new city district; the high-value center of aggregation shifts from the southeast to the northeast, and the low-value center is moving from the main urban area to the new city district; the arable land resource poverty in part of main urban area tends to aggravate. Therefore, intensifying the management on the arable land resource poverty and reducing the natural difference among arable land resource distribution leading to regional development imbalance are the key issues for governments and academia. The paper suggests that the government should: 1) increase the investment in the rural infrastructure, especially in the poor areas including the southeast and northeast areas of Chongqing to improve the farming conditions; 2) reinforce the management of the rural land, especial for arable land in order to elevate the quality and quantity of the arable land resource; 3) improve the land system and policies, and propel the farming technology research to diminish the social and economic poverty of arable land resource so as to shake off the restrictions from the natural resources scarcity and provide a new idea and thought for relieving the arable land resource poverty.