Abstract: Abstract: In this study, proteomics technology was used to study the molecular mechanism of rice grain stored under different conditions. The changes in the proteomic profiles of rice during storage at 37oC, 25oC, 25°C and CO2 controlled atmosphere were analyzed; the effects of temperature and CO2 controlled atmosphere storage on the quality of rice grain were also investigated. The results showed that a total of 125 differentially expressed proteins in the process of rice storage were detected and 37 protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry. According to the function of protein, the 37 identified proteins can be divided into five groups: metabolic (45.9%), cell structure (29.7%), stress (2.7%), functional protein (5.4%), and unclassified proteins (16.3%). We identified four groups of the target proteins, respectively expressed by the down-regulate proteasome subunit beta 1 (B26, D09 and F16), the up-regulate glucose-1-adenosine phosphate acyltransferase (C01 and E07), the down-regulate ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (B04 and F04), and the up-regulate acetyl coenzyme A (A06 and C05). The functional properties of these differentially expressed proteins and their essential role in plant metabolism were evaluated according to the bioinformatics method, combined with the analysis of changes in physicochemical properties of rice during storage under different conditions. The results indicated that high temperature storage led to a higher level of differential protein expression in rice. The appearance of numerous differential protein expressions might disturb glucose metabolism, which reduced the synthesis of the starch granule. In rice, high temperature storage resulted in a reduction of antioxidant activity of key enzymes and proteins and an increase of free fatty acid, the antioxidant activity played an important role in the prevention of protein, starch, and lipid oxidation and the reduction in the aging degree of rice. High temperature storage of rice might disturb protein metabolism and brought about a decrease in catabolism for protein degradation. The greater changes of protein expression, antioxidant activity, glucose metabolism, free fatty acid, and protein metabolism in rice at higher temperature might contribute to a fast deterioration of rice quality and a rapid aging of rice. Thus, functional analysis of these differentially expressed proteins showed that the high temperature promoted the differential protein expressions in rice at the molecular level, which could lead to the aging of the rice, and the mechanism of rice aging might involve glucose metabolism, protein decomposition, fat hydrolysis and oxidation. In our experiment, the surprising finding was that low-oxygen high-carbon dioxide controlled atmosphere storage of rice could effectively reduce the level of differential protein expression under high temperature conditions. Protein metabolism in rice stored during controlled atmosphere storage with carbon dioxide could be to a certain extent maintained at normal levels, disorders of glucose metabolism in rice was effectively suppressed by the low-oxygen high-carbon dioxide controlled atmosphere storage of rice. At the same time, the metabolism on the levels of starch synthesis tended to be normal and natural aging-related biochemical changes in rice were reduced, which thus delayed the process of quality deterioration in rice at high temperature. Our study provides new research ideas and methods for rice storage.