模拟降雨下铜基保护剂对茄子生长防病效果的影响

马金昭; 张 民; 刘之广; 王晓琪; 唐灵云; 刘 备; 陈海宁

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.032

模拟降雨下铜基保护剂对茄子生长防病效果的影响

1.
山东农业大学泉林黄腐酸肥料工程实验室，土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室，国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心，山东农业大学资源与环境学院，泰安 271018
2.
众德肥料（平原
3.
养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室，金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司，临沭 276700

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFD0200706）；山东农业大学泉林黄腐酸肥料工程实验室开放研发基金（380285）；国家"948"重点项目（2011-G30）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-03-30
- 修回日期: 2017-08-09
- 发布日期: 2017-09-30

Effects of copper-based protective agent on eggplant growth and disease control under simulated precipitation condition

1.
Engineering Laboratory for Tranlin Fulvic Acid Based Fertilizer of Shandong Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
2.
Zhongde Fertilizer (Pingyuan) Co., Ltd. Pingyuan, 253100, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd., Linshu, 276700, China

摘要

摘要: 降雨是影响铜制剂喷施效果的重要因素，该文探究模拟降雨条件下喷施铜基保护剂在茄子（Solanum melongena L.）叶片上的淋失情况及其对茄子的生长作用。以传统波尔多液为对照，通过茄子盆栽试验，研究模拟17.1、33.7和58.7 mm/h强度降雨后铜基保护剂在叶片上的淋失率及其对茄子防病效果、产量、生物量和土壤全铜、有效铜含量的影响。结果表明，铜基保护剂的表面张力较清水和传统波尔多液分别降低了37.0%和33.4%（P<0.05），与茄子叶片的接触角度较清水和传统波尔多液显著降低了28.1%和31.2%（P<0.05）。在茄子幼苗期、始花期和结果期，17.1 mm/h降雨强度下喷施铜基保护剂的茄子叶片上的淋失率较传统波尔多液处理分别减少了33.2%、10.2%和32.0%（P<0.05），33.7 mm/h降雨强度下分别减少了19.3%、15.2%和19.2%（P<0.05），58.7 mm/h降雨强度下分别减少了15.5%、11.5%和20.9%（P<0.05）。在结果期，33.7和58.7 mm/h降雨强度下铜基保护剂处理的灰霉病防治效果较传统波尔多液分别提高了70.8%和181.0%（P<0.05），地上部鲜质量提高了17.2%和17.3%（P<0.05），叶片SPAD值提高了5.1%和4.4%（P<0.05）。在结果期无降雨条件下喷施铜基保护剂处理较传统波尔多液的土壤有效铜含量减少了18.8%（P<0.05），在17.1、33.7和58.7 mm/h降雨强度下喷施铜基保护剂处理较喷施传统波尔多液处理的土壤有效铜含量分别减少了23.9%、41.8%和45.3%（P<0.05），土壤全铜含量减少了4.3%、9.1%和18.0%（P<0.05）。因此，在3种降雨强度下茄子叶片上喷施铜基保护剂较传统波尔多液显著降低了保护剂的淋失率，提高了灰霉病的防治效果，增加了生物量，减少了土壤中铜的累积量。
- 降雨 /
- 淋失 /
- 病害防治 /
- 铜基保护剂 /
- 茄子 /
- 灰霉病
Abstract: Abstract: Precipitation is an important factor affecting the efficacy of the copper fungicides. The purpose of this study was to explore the leaching loss of copper-based protective agent (CPA) spraying on the leaves of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its effects on the growth of eggplant under different simulated rainfall intensity. The traditional Bordeaux mixture (BDM) was considered as a control. A pot experiment of eggplant was conducted at an intelligent greenhouse of Shandong Agricultural University from July to October in 2015, to investigate the leaching rate of CPA on eggplant leaves and its effects on disease control of gray mold, yield, biomass, available copper content and total copper content in soil under the situation of spraying BDM and CPA under simulated rainfall intensity of 0, 17.1, 33.7, and 58.7 mm/h. The tests were performed with 9 treatments with 4 replicates. The BDM and CPA were used in the regular amount. The results showed that the surface tension of CPA was decreased by 37.0% and 33.4% respectively, compared with the surface tension of deionized water and traditional Bordeaux mixture. The contact angles between CPA and eggplant leaves were decreased by 28.1% and 31.2% in comparing with that of deionized water and BDM. At the seedling stage, initial flowering stage and fruit stage of eggplant, compared with the BDM treatments, the leaching rates on eggplant leaves in CPA treatments under the simulated rainfall intensity of 17.1 mm/h were significantly decreased by 33.2%, 10.2%, and 32.0%, respectively; the leaching rates under the simulated rainfall intensity of 33.7 mm/h were decreased by 19.3%, 15.2%, and 19.2%, respectively; the leaching rates under the simulated rainfall intensity of 58.7 mm/h were decreased by 15.5%, 11.5%, and 20.9%, respectively. At the fruit stage, compared with BDM treatment, the disease control effect of CPA treatment on gray mold was increased by 51.6% under no rainfall situation; the control effect on gray mold of the CPA application under the simulated rainfall intensity of 33.7 and 58.7 mm/h increased by 70.8% and 181.0%. The use of CPA also significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter and biomass of eggplant at fruit age of eggplant. At fruit stage, under no rainfall situation, the available copper content in soil sprayed with CPA was remarkably reduced by 18.8% when compared with BDM treatment. But for the total copper content in soil, there were no significant difference among all those treatments. Under the simulated rainfall intensity of 17.1, 33.7, and 58.7 mm/h, CPA significantly decreased the available copper content in soil by 23.9%, 41.8%, and 45.3%, respectively, and also decreased the total copper content of soil by 4.3%, 9.1%, and 18.0%, respectively, when compared with BDM treatments. These results demonstrate that spraying with CPA on the leaves of eggplants under the simulated rainfall intensity of 17.1, 33.7, and 58.7 mm/h not only significantly decreases the leaching rate of protective agent, promotes the control effect of gray mold and increases the yield and biomass of eggplant, but also reduces the accumulation of copper in the soils.
- precipitation /
- leaching /
- disease control /
- copper-based protective agent /
- eggplant /
- gray mold

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