Abstract: Abstract: As the progress of industrial development and urbanization, the quantities and types of agricultural chemicals have been increasing, which has led to heavy metal pollution in soil, and the pollution in agricultural soils was especially serious. In this paper, Ugan-Kuqa River oasis was selected to be study area. The amounts of As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu were determined from 57 soil samples collected in Ugan-Kuqa River oasis. The spatial analysis, geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index were adopted to evaluate the pollution characteristics, pollution degree and potential ecological risks of heavy metal, and the multivariate statistical analysis was adopted for the discussion on heavy metal. The results showed that: 1) The contents of 6 kinds of heavy metals in soils, i.e. Hg, As, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn, were different, and the average contents were 2.41, 0, 37.64, 25.25, 39.78 and 15.01 mg/kg, respectively; soil heavy metal contents were not higher than national standard level, but Pb content value was higher than the background value of soil in Xinjiang. There is a certain degree of heavy metal pollution in the study area. 2) Through the analysis of geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index, the results showed that the heavy metals for the geo-accumulation index value were sorted as As (-4.59) < Hg (-3.62) < Cu (-1.92) < Cr (-1.44) < Zn (0.59) < Pb (0.73), and the potential ecological risk index was 22.26, presenting the non-pollution level of soil heavy metal in research area. 3) By the correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the sources of heavy metals could be classified 2 categories in the study area. The source of Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb might be from the combined influence of the soil parent material and human agricultural activities. As and Hg might be controlled by landform and hydrologic environment factors. 4) Although the ecological risk index of study area was non-pollution level, there was difference on ecological risk index for different regions; among them, the values of ecological risk index were higher in the areas west- north (WN), north- west (NW) and east of north (NE), and the highest value appeared in the area north- east (NE), which should be on alert. In this paper, the proposed method of analysis can reflect characteristics and source of soil heavy metal quickly and objectively in the oasis, and it can provide scientific basis for evaluation and management of soil environment quality in the oasis.