Abstract:
Abstract: Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used in wastewater treatment. To understand the characteristic and the dynamics of the recovery of different clogging types for virtual-flow constructed wetland (VFCW), three vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW), fed glucose solution (bed1), starch suspension with (bed2) and without bacteriostat (bed3) were used to simulate different types clogging (clogging caused by biofilm, insoluble organic matter, and inert organic matter). The hydraulic conductivity and porosity of three VFCWs were measured regularly during the resting operation. The results indicated that the clogging caused by biofilm and organic matters can be recovered through applying resting operation. After resting for 15 days, the hydraulic conductivity recovery rate of the upper layer for bed 1 reached 500-600, and its hydraulic conductivity stabilized at 0.65cm/s. The recovery rate of lower layer (Q3, Q4 and Q5) decreased due to its higher initial value of hydraulic conductivity. The change of porosity had the same rulers. The main reason of clogging recovery of bed 1 were as follows: 1) the EPS was decreased, which made the biofilm became small and dispersive; 2) microorganisms enter an endogenous respiration state due to the short of nutrients, and endogenous respiration involves consumption of cell-internal substrate, which led to a loss of activity and slightly reduced biomass. Thus, the recovery dynamic can be deduced based on the rule of endogenous respiration rate. The result showed that the theoretical value and the measured value were in good agreement. For bed 2, the hydraulic conductivity increased greatly in the first 20 days of resting operation, and then stabilized at 1.2 cm/s. its recovery rate was more than 3000. Similarly, the hydraulic conductivity recovery rates of Q3, Q4 and Q5 decreased gradually. After the resting operation, the porosity of Q1, Q2 and Q3 increased greatly, and it reached 20%, 29%, 96% of the initial porosity. The porosity recovery rate reached 77%, 80%, 96% respectively. During the resting operation, the trapped particles were decayed in a humid environment, and the porosity of bed 2 increased greatly during the first 12 days resting. After later resting operation, with organic particles decay, the particles' bridging collapsed, which made the hydraulic conductivity of bed 2 increased greatly. Therefore, based on the organic compound biodegradation, its hydraulic conductivity recovery dynamics can be deduced. The result showed that the theoretical value and the measured value were in good agreement. The recovery of clogging caused by biofilm and organic matters respectively can be complete basically after resting operation for 9 and 20 days, respectively. The recovery of clogging caused by biofilm was much faster than that of clogging caused by insoluble organic matters. In the actual operation, the resting time should be considered according to the target of recovery rate and the condition of continuum running. On the other hand, it was also found that the clogging caused by inert particles can't be recovered through applying resting operation, which implies that clogging by inert particles is difficult to recover through applying resting operation.