Abstract:
Abstract: Nutritious Agaricus bisporus is one of the most extensively cultivated, most productive in total and largest consumed edible fungi in the world. In many parts of China, it is mainly planted in small-scale family cultivation. Due to the inadequate fermentation of cultivating material, it is of low yield and unstable benefit, which has been one of the main reasons resulting in not extensively being planted since it was introduced to China. With its movability, adjustable size, low investment, short, effective and homogeneous fermentation and low labor intensity, new mobile fermenting device was designed for cultivators of medium or small-scale Agaricus bisporus planting. It is mainly made up of ventilation pedestal, fermenting room, compressor fan, controlling system, ventilation pipe, controlling valve and heat exchanger (often used in extremely cold winter outside of Northern China). The key to the fermentation of cultivating material by this device is to homogeneously heat every part of cultivating material in fermenting room to achieve the homogeneity of the effective accumulative temperature. By the flow of heat through air circulation, air pressure and air volume can homogeneously reach each part of the fermenting room through the arrangement of air outlet and duct. The effective fermenting temperature and the need of fresh air for fermentation can be adjusted by the volume of air in and out, and the temperature difference in the fermenting room can be controlled within acceptable range for fermentation by air circulation in it. The experiment formula of ferment effects is about 30% corn stalk, 50% cow manure, 20% cotton seed hull, 1% plaster, 1% superphosphate, and 1% lime on mobile fermenting device. Material temperature changes are observed during 5 temperature phases including temperature increasing, pasteurizing, temperature decreasing, constant-temperature sustaining, and fermentation ceasing. Material temperature in temperature increasing phase has been controlled not more than 65 ℃, 60-65 ℃ in pasteurizing phase for 8 h, and 48-52℃ in temperature decreasing and sustaining phase for 24 h. And during fermenting, carbon dioxide in fermenting room has been kept 0.3%-5.0% and ammonia concentration has been not more than 3 mg/L by ventilation. Fermenting results show that according to the characteristics of cultivating material, it takes 15-20 days to have it fermented, which can greatly reduce the fermenting time, labor intensity and production cost of raw material because of no turning of the material and secondary fermentation. And the temperature range of the up, middle and low fermentation material in the room can be managed between 0.1 and 3.9 ℃, which can achieve the fermentation material more homogeneous. And after fermentation, pH values of the upper, the middle and the lower layer material are respectively 7.5, 7.6 and 7.5, which are fit for the development of Agaricus bisporus. And before fermentation, the moisture content is 68%, but after it, the moisture contents of the upper, the middle and the lower layer material are 63%, 63% and 61%, respectively, which decrease by only 5%-7%. And the nitrogen content is 2.8%-2.9%, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is 15.8-16.0. In all, after its fermentation, the physical and chemical properties of the material, such as color, feeling, smell and leachate accord with the standards of compost maturity. Yield of Agaricus bisporus is very important, the average yield of Agaricus bisporus cultivated through the fermentation material can reach 18 kg/m2, and it is not different significantly from the contrast (P<0.05).