Abstract: Abstract: With increasing energy crisis, energy conservation is imperative. Newly harvested grain without timely drying will cause germination, mildew and other issues. In China, a huge amount of grain is wasted by mildew and germination every year, just because grain has not been dried below the safe moisture in time. If the grain moisture content is timely reduced during the harvest, it can reduce the possibility of grain germination and mildew and extend the shelf life. However, in the operation of crop combine harvester, most of the energy released by fuel combustion is lost in the form of flue gas and cylinder circulating water residual heat, and only a little is used to do work. And the energy recovery potential is huge. In order to achieve the full utilization of energy, this paper conceives the use of waste heat from combine harvester to dry newly harvested grain instantly. For the combine harvester, the change of actual operation conditions will lead to the change of the waste heat, mainly including the jacket water and exhaust heat. In order to collect these 2 kinds of waste heat with different quality synergistically, the waste heat characteristics of the harvester engine are explored through the experiment with the LR6A3L type diesel engine. In this experiment, the parameters of the diesel engine waste heat under the condition of full load were obtained, which included output power, fuel consumption, jacket water flow, jacket water import and export temperature, exhaust gas flow, exhaust gas temperature, diesel engine speed, and so on. Based on the advantages of organic working fluid in recovery of waste heat under changing working conditions, R123, R245fa, R152a, R600 and water were selected, and 2 models of collecting the 2 grades of waste heat were built using the single working fluid and 2 kinds of working fluids among these 5 working fluids selected under 2 rotating speeds of 2 200 and 1 700 r/min respectively. Additionally, the thermodynamics analysis on each condition was performed. The results show that, for the single working fluid collecting the waste heat of combine harvester diesel engine, water, R600 and R152a exhibit the biggest capacity to collect the waste heat, which is 106.66 and 92.12 kW under the 2 rotating speeds, and for R152a, the temperature rise after the heat exchange is the highest and is 76.4 and 82.57 ℃ respectively for the 2 rotating speeds. The exergy loss per heat collected is the smallest and is 0.122 and 0.129 kW respectively for the 2 rotating speeds using R245fa. For 2 kinds of working fluids collecting the 2 grades of waste heat, the 6 combinations of working fluids of R152a and R123, R152a and R245fa, R600 and R123, R600 and R245fa, water and R123, water and R245fa are selected. And each combination can reach the maximum of the heat transfer under each condition, which is 106.89 and 92.2 kW respectively. For the combination of R152a and R123, the exergy loss per heat collected is the smallest and is 0.156 and 0.154 kW respectively for the 2 rotating speeds. And the temperature rise after the heat exchange is the highest, and is 69.18 and 58.98 ℃ respectively for R152a and R123 under 2200 r/min rotating speed, and 64.94 and 53.65 ℃ under 1700 r/min. These results will be helpful to the next work of drying the grain using the waste heat from combine harvester.