王喜波, 刘竞男, 崔强, 李瑞, 张旭, 江连洲. 全籽粒大豆制备油豆腐工艺参数优化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(6): 292-299. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.06.037
    引用本文: 王喜波, 刘竞男, 崔强, 李瑞, 张旭, 江连洲. 全籽粒大豆制备油豆腐工艺参数优化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(6): 292-299. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.06.037
    Wang Xibo, Liu Jingnan, Cui Qiang, Li Rui, Zhang Xu, Jiang Lianzhou. Parameter optimization of preparation technology of fried whole-soybean tofu[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2018, 34(6): 292-299. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.06.037
    Citation: Wang Xibo, Liu Jingnan, Cui Qiang, Li Rui, Zhang Xu, Jiang Lianzhou. Parameter optimization of preparation technology of fried whole-soybean tofu[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2018, 34(6): 292-299. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.06.037

    全籽粒大豆制备油豆腐工艺参数优化

    Parameter optimization of preparation technology of fried whole-soybean tofu

    • 摘要: 油豆腐是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品,为了提高原料利用率和产品功能性,该试验以全豆为原料,研究新型全籽粒油豆腐的制备工艺。首先研究并优化了纤维素酶酶解豆浆工艺,以还原糖浓度为指标,建立了优化工艺的Box-Behnken 模型。其次,以感官评价为标准,研究油炸工艺对全籽粒油豆腐色泽、含油率和硬度的影响,最后,对全籽粒油豆腐的成分进行了测定。结果表明:最佳酶解条件为加酶量0.53%、酶解温度50 ℃、酶解时间160 min,在此条件下还原糖浓度约为2.9433 mg/mL;在油炸温度为170 ℃,油炸时间为4 min时,全籽粒油豆腐的感官品质最好(感官评价95分),在此条件下制得的全籽粒油豆腐的白度L*值为60.22,红度a*值为10.85,黄度b*值为37.80,含油率为15.6%,硬度为2 972 g。与传统豆腐相比,全籽粒豆腐和全籽粒油豆腐中总黄酮和总酚等生物活性成分含量均有提高,总黄酮质量分数分别提高14.53%和7.93%,总酚质量分数分别提高18.95%和82.11%。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: Fried tofu, a kind of most popular Chinese traditional food, wins many consumers with its delicate soft taste and crisp skin. In addition to taste, the nutritive value of fried tofu is also one of the reasons for the popularity of soybean products. Okara contains a wealth of dietary fiber, protein, fat, soy isoflavones and other nutrients. But, in the processing of the traditional soybean products, a lot of okara was excluded, which results in the waste of resources and pollution to the environment. Whole soy products, by using all the ingredients of whole grains of soybeans (without waste), can improve the yield and nutritional value and reduce environmental pollution. At present, the study of domestic and foreign scholars on the whole soybean products is mainly concentrated in the whole bean tofu, whole bean drinks, and whole bean sufu. Fried tofu as reported at home and abroad is very rare. Patent reports of tofu production process are based on traditional tofu processing methods, which use the wet treatment to remove the tofu residue and then fry the tofu. The research on the fried whole-soybean tofu has not been reported yet. In this experiment, the processing of traditional tofu was improved to achieve tofu made by whole soybean grain, improve the utilization rate of raw materials of soybean products and maximize the nutritional content of soybean. On this foundation, fried tofu was made by whole soybean grain through the frying process, which filled the vacancy of fried soybean products. In this experiment, whole soybean was used as raw material to study the preparation process of new fried tofu. At first, the technological conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis of whole-soybean milk were studied, and the effects of enzyme dosage, enzymolysis time and temperature on enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated in order to obtain the optimum conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis, and the enzymatic hydrolysis process was optimized using response surface methodology. Moreover, the effects of frying technology (frying time and frying temperature) on the color, oil content and texture of fried whole-soybean tofu were studied by using sensory evaluation. Then, the composition of the fried whole-soybean tofu was measured. The results showed that the optimum conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis were as follows: enzyme addition of 0.53%, hydrolysis temperature of 50 ℃, and enzymolysis time of 160 min, and under the optimal conditions hydrolysis degree of insoluble dietary fiber was the highest, and the content of reducing sugar was 2.9433 mg/mL. The whole-soybean tofu fried in 170 ℃ for 4 min showed the excellent sensory quality and the sensory score was 95. Under the conditions, its lightness, redness and yellowness were 60.22, 10.85 and 37.80, respectively. The oil content was 15.6%, and the hardness was 2 972 g. Finally, the contents of traditional tofu, whole-soybean tofu, fried whole-soybean tofu were compared. The contents of total flavonoids and total phenolics in whole-soybean tofu and fried whole-soybean tofu were higher than that in traditional tofu, the nutritional content of fried whole-soybean tofu was improved, and the total flavonoids content increased by 14.53% and 7.93% and the total phenolics content increased by 18.95% and 82.11%, respectively, compared with the former 2 kinds of tofu.

       

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