Abstract: Abstract: The East Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is a trans basin, long distance, large and comprehensive water diversion project to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources in the eastern part of China and support the sustainable development of the national economy and society in this region. Since the construction of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, water safety and water quality guarantee have been a hot issue. In the middle line project, there has been a large number of researches concentrated in the source and the Beijing section. While in the east line project, the Shandong section, has already carried out the risk assessment of water transportation safety and the simulation of hydrodynamic water quality. In Shandong section, canals are mostly open type, crossing several local traffic roads, and some of the rivers and lakes bear the task of shipping. Therefore, the water conveyance safety is threatened by many potential water pollution accidents. In order to take effective emergency control and disposal measures in case of an emergency, it is necessary to carry out rapid prediction of the sudden water pollution events in the South-to-North Water Transfer project. Literature retrieval shows that, at present, many scholars at home and abroad have established a large number of simulation models with the aid of model software, but all of them need a large amount of basic data, and the operation of the model needs a lot of time. The sudden water pollution accident often happened suddenly, with random and acute. Once the sudden water pollution accident occurs, it is urgent to make a decision, and there is no time to run the simulation model to predict. So the rapid prediction is still an important problem for the scholars at home and abroad to study the sudden water pollution events. At present, there is no model to predict the process of the changes of pollutants quickly and accurately. Considering about all the situations above, based on the risk identification of water pollution incident in the main water transfer canal of Shandong section of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, this study simulated some typical water pollution accidents in different canals of Shandong section. Also based on the transport and transformation of empirical formula of pollution, this study established a rapid prediction model of sudden water pollution accidents, and determined the parameters of the fast prediction model by using the simulation results of the main channel of the Shandong section of the South-to-North Water Transfer project. Finally, we used the results of computer numerical simulation to test the prediction results of the rapid prediction model. The test results showed that the relative error of influencing time and influencing range predicted by rapid prediction model were 0.52%-4.83% and 0.23%-7.15%, none of them were more than 10%. So it conclude that the established rapid prediction model can accurately predict the sudden water pollution accidents in the trunk section of the Shandong Section of the South to North Water Transfer project.