红壤粒径肥料浓度和灌溉方式对不同灌水器堵塞的影响
Influence of red loam particles, fertilizer concentration and irrigation method on clogging of different irrigation emitters
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摘要: 为探究水肥一体化灌溉过程中造成灌水器堵塞的影响因素，采用3个肥料浓度、3个红壤粒径段和2种灌溉方式，进行3种灌水器的堵塞试验，测定有效灌水次数。结果表明：1）红壤粒径越大越易造成流量可调灌水器堵塞。存在造成内镶贴片式滴灌带堵塞的敏感粒径段，范围0.0385～0.074 mm的红壤粒径容易造成灌水器堵塞；2）肥料浓度≤0.6 g/L时，肥料浓度加速灌水器堵塞显著。肥料浓度＞0.6 g/L，肥料浓度加速灌水器堵塞的效果较小； 3）8孔流量可调灌水器在根区渗灌条件下更容易发生堵塞；而灌溉方式对于2孔流量可调灌水器和内镶贴片式滴灌带堵塞的影响差异不明显。4）浑水施肥条件下，内镶贴片式滴灌带的抗堵塞性能最好，其次是2孔流量可调灌水器，8孔流量可调灌水器的抗堵塞性能最差。该文为水肥一体化技术在云南红壤土中的应用提供理论依据。Abstract: Abstract: It is important to study the factor of clogging of emitter, which is the prerequisite for drip fertigation technology to be used and promoted in Yunnan red loam. In this paper, we chose three different irrigation emitter types (drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch, 2-hole flow adjustable emitter and 8-hole flow adjustable emitter) as study subject under the water quality condition combined with three fertilization concentrations (0, 0.6 and 1.2 g/L) and three sediment particles size range were applied on root area infiltration irrigation and surface drip irrigation. The irrigation experiment of 5 min each time was conducted under working pressure of 20 kPa for three days. The difference in weight of the flowerpots before and after irrigation was the amount of water irrigated. After the experiment, the irrigation amount of emitters was recorded. If the relative flow rate of emitter was below 75%, the test stopped and then recorded effective irrigation times. The results showed that there was a very significant interaction between the soil particle size and emitter types, fertilizer concentration and emitter types, irrigation types and emitter types (P＜0.01), but there was no significant interaction between them (P>0.05). The bigger Yunnan red loam particle size, the easier clogging was made on flow adjustable emitter. Such as 2-hole flow adjustable emitter on surface drip irrigation，when the application rate of fertilizer was 0 g/L, the effective irrigation times of muddy water with three different particles size range were 11, 8 and 5, respectively. As for drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch, Yunnan red loam particle size ranging 0.0385 - 0.074 mm was the easiest to cause clogging and the particle size ranging 0 - 0.0385 mm was the least to cause clogging. The fertilization has a significant influence on the clogging of the emitter. When the fertilizer concentration was less than 0.6 g/L, the large impact of fertilizer application on emitter was most obvious. When the fertilizer concentration was more than 0.6 g/L, the number of effective irrigation times did not have obvious change. However, the trend of the relative flow rate of the emitter increased, indicating that the blockage of the emitter increased. The irrigation type was an important factor affecting the clogging of emitter and it had different effects on different emitter. For 8-hole flow adjustable emitter, the anti-blocking performance of the surface drip irrigation was better than the root area infiltration irrigation. Under the surface drip irrigation, when the application rate of fertilizer was 0, the total effective irrigation times with three different particle sizes were four times more than root area infiltration irrigation. When the application rate of fertilizer was 1.2 g/L, the total effective irrigation times with 3 different particle sizes were 18 times and the root area infiltration irrigation were 15 times. For 2-hole flow adjustable emitter and drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch, two different irrigation types did not have abviously different for effective irrigation times. Under the condition of fertilizing in muddy water, the performance of different emitter on clogging was different. The most clogged emitter was 8-hole flow adjustable emitter, followed by 2-hole flow adjustable emitter and the last was drip irrigation belt embedded with inner patch. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the application and familiarization of drip fertigation technology in Yunnan red loam.
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Keywords:
- irrigation /
- emitters /
- clogging /
- red loam particle /
- fertilization concentration /
- fertigation technology
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