Abstract: Abstract: The batch dry anaerobic digestion (AD) has the characteristics of increasing raw material handling capacity, and reducing energy consumption, and the biogas residue can be directly used for producing organic fertilizer, but its methane production efficiency needs to be further improved. Previous study of the batch dry AD is limited to only one or two factors, but there is still no systematic study on multi-factor interactions to improve methane production efficiency. In order to further improve the methanogenic efficiency of the batch dry AD process of agricultural waste in China, this paper studied the various environmental factors affecting the efficiency of the batch dry AD. It further clarified the characteristics of dry AD and microbial community characteristics of the corn stalks mixed with cow dung under different factors, and identified the important influence factors and their interactions. The experiment was designed using the method of Plackett-Burman. A total of 12 experiments were carried out at a digestion temperature of (38±0.5) ℃ for 40 d. The results showed that when the dry digestion system had a solid content of 25%, the TS (total solid) ratio of corn stalks to cow dung was 3:7, the inoculum concentration (TS mass fraction) was 50%, the particle size of corn stalks was 1 cm, and the spray strategy was with the interval of 2 h and with the amount of 4 L, the volumetric methane production efficiency was significantly increased (P<0.05), and a large amount of propionic acid accumulation occurred in the acidified reactor. The reactors A, C, D, E and L produced methane significantly, and the methane production rate by the reactor E with the TS ratio of corn stalks to cow dung of 3:7 was significantly increased by 2.3 times compared with that by the reactor A with the ratio of 7:3. When the spraying frequency in the reactor L was 4 times that of the reactor E, the volume methanogenic rate was increased by 2.7 times. Properly increasing the spray frequency, inoculum concentration and proportion of cow dung in the raw material ratio can be conducive to promoting the improvement of methane production efficiency. And the high-efficient methane production can last for 27 d, and the volumetric methane yield is 0.70 L/(L·d). By analyzing the contribution, it is showed that the spray frequency and inoculum concentration played a key role in promoting the volumetric methanogenic rate of the batch dry AD, with the contributions of 30.84% and 24.96%, respectively. The bacterial community had a significant effect on the methane production characteristics of the batch dry AD (P<0.05). Properly increasing the spraying frequency and increasing the inoculum concentration promoted the abundance of Ruminofilibacter, Hydrogenispora and Ruminiclostridium as well as the microbial community structure and diversity. The abundance of the 3 kinds of microbes in the reactor A, C, D, E, and L with obvious methane formation was 9.30%-33.70%, 6.30%-11.00%, and 8.50%-14.90%, respectively, which had a significant synergistic relationship with methane production and an important regulatory effect on improving the batch dry AD environment. This study provides a theoretical reference for optimizing the key factors of the dry AD of agricultural waste.