樱桃品种果实品质因子主成分分析及模糊综合评价

    Principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality in cultivars of cherry

    • 摘要: 研究不同品种甜樱桃果实品质指标差异,确定代表性品质指标,从而筛选出品质优良的甜樱桃品种。以24种甜樱桃果实为材料,测定其11项品质指标(单果质量、硬度、可食率、出汁率、pH值、总糖含量、还原糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比、维生素C含量、花色苷含量),并运用主成分分析、模糊评判法进行综合评价。结果表明:不同甜樱桃品种各项指标存在差异,其中单果质量与维生素C之间,可食率与出汁率、可滴定酸之间,花色苷与pH值、可滴定酸之间,总糖、还原糖、糖酸比与pH值之间均呈及极显著正相关。因子分析提取了甜味、口感、抗氧化、可食、质量5项主因子,累计方差贡献率为82.948%,包含了大部分指标信息,因此筛选总糖、出汁率、维生素C、可食率、单果质量作为评价甜樱桃的关键指标;利用PAST软件绘制各品种在5个主因子的分布状况,并对品种因子综合得分进行排序,得分排名前10的樱桃品种依次为"Red"(0.70)、"早露"(0.63)、"红蜜"(0.60)、"彩玉"(0.47)、"秦樱一号"(0.44)、"S2S1"(0.38)、"早大果实生"(0.35)、"13-33"(0.28)、"明珠"(0.13)、"秦林"(0.07);对11个分析指标进行模糊综合评判,综合品质表现排名前10的品种分别为"Red"(0.642)、"红蜜"(0.566)、"早露"(0.545)、"明珠"(0.524)、"彩玉"(0.521)、"秦樱一号"(0.512)、"秦林"(0.501)、"美早"(0.491)、"S2S1"(0.482)、"早大果实生"(0.470),以上结果一致表明"Red"、"早露"、"红蜜"、"彩玉"、"秦樱一号"、"S2S1"、"早大果实生"、"明珠"、"秦林"等9种樱桃综合品质较其他15种樱桃更优,其中"Red"樱桃品质最优,可作为樱桃资源开发利用、育种及品质改良的原材料。因子分析与综合评价结果基本一致,该试验初步确定排名前9位的樱桃优良品种,为樱桃品种选育和加工利用提供理论依据。

       

      Abstract: Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), an economically important nutritious fruit, is popular for its attractive red colour and high antioxidant potential. Most sweet cherries are consumed fresh and a small proportion of the total sweet cherry production is valuable to make processed food products. Sweet cherry is a highly perishable product due to its high respiration rate and rapid softening process at room temperature (approximately 20 ℃), which ultimately causes the color changes, weight loss, browning and changes of nutrients and restricts its shelf life. The objective of this study was to establish a comprehensive evaluation method for the fruit quality of sweet cherry using factor analysis, and to clarify the relations among the indices in order to select sweet cherry varieties with good quality. There were 11 quality indicators for 24 sweet cherry cultivars evaluated on the base of principal component analysis and fuzzy evaluation, including single fruit weight, hardness, edible rate, juice yield, pH value, total sugar content, reducing sugar content, titratable acid content, sugar acid ratio, vitamin C content and anthocyanin content. Principal component analysis is a mathematical tool which performs a reduction in data dimensionality and allows the visualisation of underlying structure in experimental data and relationships between data and samples. The result showed that different quality indicators and sensory evaluation among tested sweet cherries were different. There were significant correlations between single fruit weight and vitamin C, between edible rate and juice yield, titratable acid, between anthocyanin and pH value, titratable acid, and between total sugar, reducing sugar, sugar acid ratio and pH value. Five main factors were extracted by factor analysis, which included sweet taste, flavor, antioxidation, edible rate and quality, and the cumulative contribution approached to 82.948%. Total sugar, juice yield, vitamin C content, edible rate and single fruit weight were selected as key indicators to evaluate sweet cherry qualities. The scatter plot of the 5 factors showed the distribution of fruit cultivars by PAST software. The comprehensive scores of the varieties were ranked. The top 10 cherry varieties were ranked as Red (0.70), Zaolu (0.63), Red honey (0.60), Colored jade (0.47), Qinying-1 (0.44), S2S1 (0.38), Early fruit (0.35), 13-33 (0.28), Bright pearl (0.13), and Qinlin (0.07). The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of 11 analysis indicators showed that the top 10 varieties of comprehensive quality performance were Red (0.642), Red honey (0.566), Zaolu (0.545), Bright pearl (0.524), Colored jade (0.521), Qinying-1 (0.512), Qinlin (0.501), Early morning (0.491), S2S1 (0.482), and Early fruit (0.470). The score was ordered by comprehensive score and the 8 analytical indices were analyzed by fuzzy evaluation. Consistent results were obtained that the cultivars of Red, Zaolu, Red honey, Color jade, Qinying-1, S2S1, Early fruit, Bright pearl, and Qinlin were selected as the suitable sweet cherries. The cultivar Red has the highest comprehensive quality, and it can be utilized as the raw material for the breeding, refining, developing and utilization of prunus species. The result of factor analysis was consistent with that of PCA score plots. These results determined the top 9 cherry varieties for use as a breeding stock for future cherry variety development.

       

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