Abstract: With years of large-scale poverty alleviation and development, the severe poverty population in China's rural areas has declined sharply and the situation of poverty has been effectively relieved. However, because of the large cardinal number in poverty population, the task of poverty alleviation and development is still arduous. At present, the research on rural poverty problem has transformed into multi-dimensional poverty constituted by income level, education & medical treatment, public service and development environment from single-dimensional poverty, which is based on standard income level. Therefore, exploring the spatial differentiation characteristics and influential factors of multi-dimensional poverty in rural areas of a region is targeted to conduct strategies of anti-poverty and development and also promote to increase the farmers' income and get them out of poverty. Based on comprehending the connotation of rural multi-dimensional poverty, In this paper, we increased the dimension of rural development environment, and selected 20 indicators, such as per capita GDP, per capita education funds, per capita medical expenses and automobile country numbers, to construct the evaluation index system of rural multi-dimensional poverty. With application of the whole arrangement of polygon comprehensive graphic method and exploratory spatial analysis, this paper has analyzed the multi-dimensional poverty level and its spatial distribution and spatial correlation pattern. Moreover, this paper, selecting eight indexes from the aspects of topography, location, resources, economy and culture, constructed the evaluation index system of influencing factors of rural multi-dimensional poverty spatial differentiation, to explore the dominant factors of spatial differentiation of rural multi-dimensional poverty in Chongqing and the various regions. The result showed that the degree of rural area in Chongqing has a high level multi-dimensional rural poverty and the difference between districts and counties is relatively large. In terms of spatial distribution characteristics, the high-level poverty in districts and countries were mainly located in northeast Chongqing and southeastern Chongqing, and the low-level poverty districts and countries were mainly located in metropolitan area and metropolitan periphery, which were primarily influenced by the geographical gradient, the distance of Chongqing government, farmland quality and so on. Different regions are affected by different leading factors. Spatial correlation distribution is characterized by the marked gathered effect of multi-dimensional poverty in rural areas in space. The districts and countries were mainly HH-type and LL-type positive correlation spatial distribution which was related to spatial pattern. HH-type districts and counties were mainly concentrated on northeast Chongqing and LL-type districts and counties were mainly concentrated on metropolitan area. In order to alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty and regional disparity in rural areas, targeted multi-dimensional poverty management approaches needs to be put forward from the aspects such as the specific characteristics of different regions, poverty-causing factors and development history as follows: Firstly, the government should play a leading role in strengthening investment in medical care, education and housing in rural areas. Also the government should be determined to strive to solve the problem of "two no worries, three guarantees" problem, and improve the living standards of farmers in poor areas; Secondly, we should coordinate the flow of resources and alleviate the gap of rural areas between regions; Thirdly, we should vigorously promote the poverty alleviation and reallocation in poor areas and improve the environment of rural development. Finally, we need to rely on the advantages of regional featured resources to strengthen the construction of featured industries and raising the income level of farmers.