Abstract: In order to scientifically divide the types of rural settlements, and to guide the optimization of rural residential layouts in the construction of new rural areas, this article takes Binjiang Town, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City as an example, and uses ArcGIS and other software to adopt the model of minimum resistance and field strength. The method has carried out a number of evaluations on various rural settlements, obtained various spatial analysis and evaluation results, and then combined the evaluation results, and based on this, divided the types of rural settlements according to the characteristics of different types of rural settlements, targeted development of the corresponding spatial layout optimization strategy. The results show that the topographical geomorphic resistance of the rural residential areas in Binjiang Town is higher in the south than in the north; the land resistance is higher in the northwest; the disaster resistance is lower in the south and the north is higher, the comprehensive resistance of the location factors is higher in the south and lower in the north; the comprehensive resistance is in the middle and the north is lower; the south is higher. The areas with higher nodularity index are mainly distributed in the central and northern parts, such as Hengshan Village, Yingshan Village and Xiatang Village; the areas with higher field strength are mainly distributed in the northern towns, such as Dapu Village and Sheshu Village; Based on the integration of the above research results, the rural residential areas in Binjiang Town are divided into urban expansion type, rapid development type, control development type and migration combination type, with areas of 1.15, 4.94, 0.56 and 0.79 km2, respectively. According to the characteristics of different types of rural settlements, different layout optimization strategies and development suggestions are proposed. Urban expansion rural settlements can improve the infrastructure conditions and achieve the healthy development of urbanization by formulating corresponding support policies; rapid development rural residents need to be differentiated. For rural residential areas with urbanization potential, they should support their development while preventing the disorderly expansion of cities and towns. For more remote rural residential areas, they need to pay attention to their development coordination; Rural residential areas should pay attention to the protection of the environment, improve the rural landscape and living environment, and orderly exit the abandoned residential sites; migration and merged rural residential areas can be transferred to areas with convenient transportation and good economies of scale. It can save land resources and protect the ecological environment. Areas with better development conditions can carry out investment promotion and industrial upgrading, attract nearby labor, and avoid the phenomenon of "hollowing". Under the background of "Rural the Countryside" strategy, the layout problem of rural residential areas has become an inevitable and necessary problem in the construction of new rural areas. Reasonable optimization of layout can provide farmers with various conveniences and guarantee rural social and economic development. While protecting the rural ecological environment, this study can provide reference for the optimization of the layout of rural residential areas.