吊顶对湿帘风机纵向通风牛舍环境及牛生理的影响研究

陈昭辉; 熊浩哲; 马一畅; 杨皓; 刘继军; 杨食堂

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.021

吊顶对湿帘风机纵向通风牛舍环境及牛生理的影响研究

1.
动物营养学国家重点实验室，北京 100193
2.
中国农业大学动物科技学院，北京 100193
3.
高安市裕丰农牧有限公司，高安 330800

基金项目: 国家肉牛耗牛产业技术体系（CARS-38）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-29
- 修回日期: 2019-04-14
- 发布日期: 2019-04-30

Influence of ceiling on environment and physiological property of beef in beef cattle barn using tunnel ventilation system with fan-pad evaporative cooling system

1.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China
2.
College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
3.
Yufeng Agriculture Co., Ltd. Gao'an 330800, China

摘要

摘要: 为了改善湿帘风机纵向通风系统应用于肉牛舍的降温效果和气流分布的均匀性，同时提高肉牛活动区的风速，该试验在实测的基础上，采用流体力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）的方法对安装吊顶的湿帘风机纵向通风肉牛舍的气流场进行模拟。模拟时将牛只按与实物原型等比例引入到模型中，经吻合性验证，风速的平均相对误差，Y=0.7 m截面为27%，Y=1.2 m截面为14%，Y=1.7 m截面为13%，认为模型有效。结果表明：安装吊顶后，舍内的气流分布均匀，肉牛活动区域风速适宜，可为肉牛提供更为适宜的饲养环境。舍内Y=0.7 m截面的平均风速为0.75 m/s，Y=1.2 m截面的平均风速为0.88 m/s，Y=1.7 m截面的平均风速为1.00 m/s。未安装吊顶的牛舍，舍外平均温度（35.0±2.7）℃条件下，0.7 m高度处平均温度（30.0±0.7）℃，1.2 m高度处平均温度（30.1±0.8）℃，较舍外平均降温14%；安装吊顶的牛舍，舍外平均温度（37.2±2.1℃）℃条件下，0.7 m高度处平均温度（31.1±0.7）℃，1.2 m高度处平均温度（31.1±0.7）℃，较舍外平均降温16%，说明安装吊顶后降温效果显著。安装吊顶后，舍内平均相对湿度80.9%，有害气体浓度均在饲养标准范围内；呼吸频率为36次/min，平均等温指数（equivalent temperature index，ETI）为23.96，均未达到热应激水平。
- 模型 /
- 流场 /
- 通风 /
- 吊顶 /
- 肉牛舍 /
- CFD
Abstract: In order to improve the airflow condition of vertical ventilation system with fan-pad evaporative cooling system with ceiling in the beef cattle barn applied to the cooling effect and the uniformity of air distribution in the beef cattle occupied zone, as well as to increase the wind speed. This experiment was conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method on the basis of the measured data to simulate the airflow condition of the vertical ventilation beef cattle barn with fan-pad evaporative cooling system and ceiling. The size of the barn is 52 m×12 m×4.2 m. The lying area of the beef cattle in the barn is along the length direction, and one group is set up at 2-3 intervals, and 8-12 fattened cattle are raised in each group. There were 81 beef cattle which averaged 330 kg of weight included in the study. In order to increase the wind speed in the animal occupied area without affecting the operation of manual feeding, the plastic ceiling was installed 3.3 m away from the lying area of the beef cattle. However, due to gravity, the middle part of the ceiling was downward, so in the CFD model, the ceiling height was 3.0 m. In the simulation, this experiment improved the original model, the number of cattle has increased to 81 and randomly distributed in the model. Measurement experiments were implemented from July to August 2016, which including test temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, enclosure structure temperature, surface temperature of beef cattle, respiration rate and their body size. The measured heights of wind speed were 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7 m above the floor, and the measured heights of temperature and relative humidity were 0.7 and 1.2 m. Measurements were conducted at 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00. The temperature of walls, floors and ceiling were recorded by thermal infrared imager (Fluke Ti400), which were used for modeling. The modeling results showed that average relative error of the wind speed was 27% in Y = 0.7 m, 14% in Y=1.2 m and 13% in Y=1.7 m, respectively. The simulation results showed that vertical ventilation system with fan-pad evaporative cooling system and ceiling in this experiment can improve the uniformity of wind speed and air flow in the house. The environmental test results showed that the air flow in the barn with ceiling was uniform and the wind speed in the beef occupied zone was appropriate, which could provide more suitable environment for beef cattle. The average wind speed of the Y= 0.7 m section was 0.75 m/s, the average wind speed of the Y= 1.2 m section was 0.88 m/s, and the average wind speed of the Y= 1.7 m section was 1.0 m/s. Inner average temperature 30.0 ℃, which was lower than the outside by 16%. The average relative humidity was 80.9% and the concentration of harmful gas was within the standard range, and ETI did not reach the level of heat stress. The results can provide a reference for design of this type of beef cattle house.
- models /
- flow field /
- ventilation /
- ceiling /
- beef cattle barn /
- CFD

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