基于功能分异的都市农业发展模式研究

    Urban agricultural development mode based on functional differentiation

    • 摘要: 为指导特大型城市农业资源合理利用和乡村振兴发展,该文基于功能空间分异特征开展上海市农业多功能空间分布规律和发展模式研究。研究将上海市农业多种功能确定为农产品供给、社会保障、文化和休闲以及生态调节4种,评价分析结果显示单项功能和综合功能空间分布情况和自然本底、土壤条件、区位交通以及经济社会发展情况密切相关,但相关性特点有所差别,利用好这些关系是因地制宜利用农用地的关键。单项指标的聚类分析将上海市各街镇农业多种功能聚类为5种发展模式,分别是生态结构型、传统农业型、农耕文化型、文化休闲型和功能均衡型发展模式,多功能发展模式呈圈层分布,依次是文化休闲型、农耕文化型和传统农业型发展模式街镇,而生态结构型发展模式的街镇穿插在文化休闲型发展模式街镇中。将农业多功能发展模式空间分布图和农业功能区规划图进行对比分析,街镇农业发展模式和规划农业功能区和生态功能区相关性较好。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: To guide the rational utilization of agricultural resources and the revitalization and development of rural areas in mega-cities, this paper studies the spatial distribution rules and development patterns of agricultural multi-functions, Taking Shanghai as an example. The multifunctional agriculture was divided into four functions, namely, agricultural products supply, social security, culture and leisure, and ecological regulation function. By full consideration of cultural landscape, geographic location conditions and traffic factor, evaluation index system and model were built to analyze multifunctional spatial distribution rule and make clustering analysis. The result showed that 1) quantitative evaluation result can accurately reflect multifunctional spatial distribution law of agriculture in Shanghai and the distribution of various functions closely related to the natural condition, geographic location, traffic condition and economic development. 2) Agricultural multifunctional combinations of different streets were divided into five types: eco-structured development pattern, traditional agriculture development pattern, farming culture development pattern, cultural and leisure development pattern, balanced development pattern. Each pattern had corresponding development strategies. Radar analysis map of four agricultural multifunctional average evaluation values for towns of five agricultural multifunctional development patterns were constructed. Towns of eco-structured development pattern had almost no social security function. These patterns mainly located in the suburbs and there were almost no registered population engaged in agriculture. Radar map for towns of traditional agricultural development pattern showed that the agricultural products supply function was very high, and the quality grade of agricultural land in these towns was relatively high, because of the geographic location and traffic conditions, culture and leisure functions were not very high. Towns of traditional agricultural development pattern were suitable for developing traditional agriculture, improving the level of agricultural scale, agricultural production efficiency and agricultural product quality. Radar map for towns of farming cultural development pattern shows that the agricultural products supply function, culture and leisure function were all relatively high, but the ecological regulation function and the social security function were all at the medium level. The agricultural land proportion in these areas and the agricultural products supply function was relatively high. Towns of farming culture development pattern were suitable for developing large-scale agricultural production and small-scale agricultural workshops. Radar map for towns of cultural and leisure development pattern was close to those of agricultural culture development pattern, but its agricultural products supply function was obviously lower than those of farming culture development pattern. Radar map for towns of functional balanced development pattern showed that the supply function of agricultural products, social security, ecological regulation and cultural and leisure function were all at the middle level. These towns of functional balanced development pattern could select different combinations of four functions according to local situation and determine a more reasonable agricultural development pattern. The level of multi-functional development pattern was circular distribution, followed by cultural leisure, farming culture and traditional agricultural development pattern, while the eco-structured development pattern was interspersed in the cultural leisure development pattern. Five development patterns are highly correlated with planned agricultural and ecological functional zones. The spatial distribution law and development pattern of agricultural multi-function are according with actual situation of Shanghai. This study can provide references for guiding rational use and protection of agricultural resource, also for rural development and revitalization in large city.

       

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