Abstract: Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to estimate the potential of rural residential consolidation in the village scale of the mountain region scientifically in order to improve the conversion rate of high-quality cultivated land and the level of land intensive use, which was supported by the results of cadastral survey in the sampling villages. Firstly, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to calculate the linear relationship between the value of the characteristic indices about houses containing all forms of the building structure and their auxiliary facilities and the value of the characteristic indices about the rural residents; Secondly, based on the existence of the linear relationship, a linear regression equation between the value of the characteristic indices about houses containing the form of the building structure that the poor lived in and their auxiliary facilities and the value of the characteristic indices about the rural residents was constructed by the partial least squares regression model, and the number of houses containing the form of the building structure that the poor lived in and their auxiliary facilities was estimated in every unit; Thirdly, based on the results of cadastral survey in the sampling villages, the average building area of houses containing the form of the building structure that the poor lived in and their auxiliary facilities were estimated, so as to measure the area of houses containing the form of the building structure that the poor lived in and their auxiliary facilities in every unit; Fourth, based on the willingness of farmers in the results of the survey, the houses containing the form of the building structure that the poor lived in and their auxiliary facilities were defined as the building structure form and the ancillary facilities that were suitable for consolidation, combined with the land idle rate, the final comprehensive potential of rural residential consolidation was calculated. The results showed that the potential area of the entire Yunyang area measured by the land idle rate method was 616.956 hm2, and the revised comprehensive potential was 1 661.248 hm2. The area compared with consolidation potential measured by the method of per capita construction land standard was still small, but compared with the traditional land idle rate method, the results have been improved significantly, and there was a feasible potential transformation path. In summary, in the process of calculating the potential of rural residential consolidation, this paper fully considered the actual needs of farmers and major national policies, therefore, there were policy support such as Targeted Poverty Alleviation, Rural Revitalization and farmers support in the process of potential transformation, which can accelerate the transformation of the potential and ensure the quality and quantity of transformation, which in turn serves the implementation of major national policies and strategies, and is a reliable path to realization. Also, it is possible to consolidate the idle land inside the rural residents into cultivated land, which reduces the possibility of cultivated land abandoning. On the other hand, from the microscopical level of the internal structure of rural residents in the administrative villages, the comprehensive potential of rural residents in every village, township, and entire research area can be measured, so it is possible to guide the large-scale calculation of the potential of rural residential consolidation according to the framework of this paper. Thus, the proposed potential measurement method has important reference value for the potential measurement in different scales.