Abstract: Abstract: The plain water network area is mainly distributed along the river, the coastal and the lakeside areas in the middle and lower reaches of the main rivers in the south of China. The population density in the area is large, the per capita cultivated land is small, the climate is humid, the rainfall is abundant, the terrain in the area is flat, the water network is densely distributed, and most of the area is located in the subtropical monsoon climate area, which belongs to a typical rice and wheat rotation area. Because of the special regional characteristics of plain water network area, it is particularly important to promote the comprehensive utilization of straw for the protection of water ecological environment in plain water network area. In order to promote the full quantitative utilization of regional crop straw, taking Jiangsu Province of plain water network as the research object, this paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of comprehensive utilization of straw returning and leaving the field, analyzed the influence on straw collection, storage and transportation from the point of view of straw binding type, collection, storage and transportation mode and operation cost. In view of the existing problems of straw collection, storage and transportation system, from the guidance of the government and the self-sufficient rate of equipment, the direction of capital support and R&D investment were put forward. The results showed that the way of straw leaving was not only beneficial to the cultivation of next crop and reduce the impact of ecological environment, but also could save the cost and increase the income for the farmers, and could make economic profits for the farmers through selling straw commodities. Through the comparison of the influences of straw binding types on straw collection, storage and transportation, it was concluded that large round bundled straw was the optimal binding type for straw collection, storage and transportation in plain water network area. At the same time, in view of the current mainstream (commercial) cooperative third party mode of collection, storage and transportation with straw, through in-depth analysis of the operation mechanism between different collection, storage and transportation subjects under this mode, straw collection, storage and transportation operation cost and profit space, the results showed that under the guidance of government policies and administrative coordination, straw off-field collection, storage and transportation costs were easy to achieve, and the cost of collection, storage and transportation was relatively stable and transparent. The bottleneck restricting the comprehensive utilization of straw leaving the field lies in the utilization form of terminal straw and the added value of terminal products. Finally, the problem of straw storage and transportation system was analyzed in this study, and put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions. In addition, it provides theoretical and technical support for improving the quality of comprehensive utilization of straw and the construction of storage and transportation system in Jiangsu Province.