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仿生注液沃土装置工作参数的优化与试验

张东光, 左国标, 佟金, 张智泓

张东光, 左国标, 佟金, 张智泓. 仿生注液沃土装置工作参数的优化与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(1): 31-39. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.004
引用本文: 张东光, 左国标, 佟金, 张智泓. 仿生注液沃土装置工作参数的优化与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(1): 31-39. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.004
Zhang Dongguang, Zuo Guobiao, Tong Jin, Zhang Zhihong. Experiment and optimization of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(1): 31-39. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.004
Citation: Zhang Dongguang, Zuo Guobiao, Tong Jin, Zhang Zhihong. Experiment and optimization of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(1): 31-39. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.004

仿生注液沃土装置工作参数的优化与试验

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51805356,51605210);山西省自然科学基金(201701D12111209);土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室开放基金(2016003)

Experiment and optimization of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device

  • 摘要: 为探索仿生注液沃土装置在土壤内部作业时工作参数对工作阻力和土壤粘附量的影响规律,优化作业参数,以保障并提高注液沃土装置作业质量,同时降低工作阻力和土壤粘附。该研究采用Box-Behnken试验优化设计方法,通过搭建农机土槽台车试验系统以模拟田间作业环境,开展注液沃土装置样机工作参数优化试验,将入土深度、注液量、土槽台车速度3个工作参数设为自变量,将工作阻力和土壤粘附量设为响应值,建立多元二次多项式回归方程,根据自变量与响应值之间的关系,优化仿生注液沃土装置的工作参数。结果表明:以土壤粘附量和工作阻力为响应值建立的回归方程模型拟合度良好;入土深度、液肥流量和工作速度对降低工作阻力和减小土壤粘附量的影响均显著,且入土深度和速度存在交互效应;试验因素对注液沃土装置降低工作阻力和减小土壤粘附量的影响程度为:入土深度>速度>流量,得到最优的工作参数为:入土深度11 cm、速度1.0 m/s、流量350 g/s。在最优工作参数条件下,注液沃土装置的工作阻力为260.01 N,土壤粘附量为8.73 g。该研究工作为注液沃土技术的应用和推广提供了参考依据。
    Abstract: In recent years, subsoiling has been proposed as an alternative means of applying fertilizer into infertile subsoils. It was believed that root growth in the subsoiled channels would be stimulated in this way, and yields would be further increased as a result of the deep-placed fertilizer and better growing conditions. Filed test results from different cultivation areas increasingly have showed that subsoil fertilization resulted in increased crop yields when compared with subsoiling alone. However, two of the disadvantages associated with sub-soil liquid fertilizer application system is the severe soil adhesion phenomenon and high draft requirement, which seriously deteriorate operating quality and restrict its field application. To optimize sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device, mitigate the problems mentioned above and then extend sub-soil liquid fertilizer application, the technical approach of bionic engineering was adopted. From the perspective of natural environment, the interactions of living organisms with natural surroundings have led to the evolution of biological systems and environmental adaptabilities. Earthworms have long been acknowledged to largely contribute to the aggregate stability of soils varying in texture, carbonate, and concentration of organic matter by burrowing, foraging, and casting on the soil surface and within the soil. Earthworms can readily move in moist or adhesive soil with soil particles seldom adhering to bodies. From the perspective of bionic engineering, the excellent properties of earthworm could be used to inspire the design and optimization of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device. One of the mechanisms of reducing soil adhesion for earthworms was that earthworms possess special geometrical structure on their heads and epidermis. The profile curves of earthworm head and body surface were extracted and fitted. Geometric structure surface of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device was designed based on the contour curve equations, and the structural parameters were determined. In order to explore the influence of working parameters on working resistance and soil adhesion during the operation of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device, and to optimize its operating parameters. Eventually, in the hope of ensuring and improving the working quality of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device. In this study, the Box-Behnken experimental optimum design methods were used. The working parameters of tillage depth, flow rate and speed were chosen as independent variable, to evaluate the effects on response values of drag-reducing and anti-soil adhesion. By building an agricultural soil tank test platform system, the field operating environment were simulated. Then, optimization tests of working parameters of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device were conducted. After that, the multivariate quadratic polynomial regression equations were built. According to the relationship between the independent variable and the response value, the working parameters of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device were optimized. The results showed that the regression equation model based on soil adhesion and working resistance was adequate. It was found that the working parameters of tillage depth, flow rate and speed influenced drag resistance and soil adhesion significantly. Tillage depth and speed presented interaction effects, which influenced drag resistance and soil adhesion with high significance. The significant influences of the experimental factors for drag resistance and soil adhesion were as follows: the tillage depth, speed and flow rate. The working parameters were optimized as follows: the tillage depth was 11 cm, speed was 1.0 m/s, flow rate was 350 g/s. Under the above conditions, the mean value of the drag resistance of the selected bionic prototype was 260.01 N, the mean weight of soil adhesion was 8.73 g. This study can provide technical references for the mechanization of sub-soil fertilizing engineering.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-06-15
  • 修回日期:  2019-09-15
  • 发布日期:  2019-12-31

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