刘鹏, 金诚谦, 宁新杰, 倪有亮, 王廷恩, 印祥. 大豆机收清选筛田间性能试验与分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(9): 36-43. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.004
    引用本文: 刘鹏, 金诚谦, 宁新杰, 倪有亮, 王廷恩, 印祥. 大豆机收清选筛田间性能试验与分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(9): 36-43. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.004
    Liu Peng, Jin Chengqian, Ning Xinjie, Ni Youliang, Wang Tingen, Yin Xiang. Field performance test and analysis of the cleaning sieve of soybean harvesters[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(9): 36-43. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.004
    Citation: Liu Peng, Jin Chengqian, Ning Xinjie, Ni Youliang, Wang Tingen, Yin Xiang. Field performance test and analysis of the cleaning sieve of soybean harvesters[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(9): 36-43. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.004

    大豆机收清选筛田间性能试验与分析

    Field performance test and analysis of the cleaning sieve of soybean harvesters

    • 摘要: 针对现阶段谷物联合收获机清选筛对大豆清选适用性较低以及大豆机收田间性能试验研究较少的现状,以久保田联合收获机PRO688D为试验机具,濉科20大豆为试验品种,以常规鱼鳞筛、加长鱼鳞筛、错位鱼眼筛、线性鱼眼筛和贝壳筛为上筛,网筛、圆孔筛和六棱孔筛为下筛,鱼鳞尾筛和栅格尾筛为尾筛,以清选损失率和含杂率为清选筛对大豆清选作业水平的评价指标,进行了大豆机收清选筛田间性能试验。利用模糊综合评价法对田间性能试验的数据进行了分析与评价,完成鱼鳞筛筛片开度、上筛、下筛、尾筛以及清选筛组合在大豆机收清选适用性方面的优化工作。清选作业水平评价结果表明,大豆机收清选适用性最佳的鱼鳞筛筛片开度是28 mm。进一步对不同尾筛、上筛、下筛和清选筛组合的清选作业水平进行评价,得出不同清选筛对大豆清选适用性情况为:栅格尾筛优于鱼鳞尾筛;贝壳筛和六棱孔筛是大豆机收清选适用性最好的上筛和下筛。大豆机收清选适用性最佳的上筛、下筛和尾筛组合为贝壳筛、六棱孔筛、鱼鳞尾筛,此时大豆机收田间性能试验的清选损失率为2.04%,含杂率为0.53%。试验结果表明,应用模糊综合评价法综合评价不同清选筛对大豆机收的清选损失率和含杂率,并进行清选作业水平的优选,可有效提高谷物联合收获机清选筛对大豆的清选适用性。该研究可为解决谷物联合收获机清选筛对大豆低适用性问题提供实际依据,对降低大豆联合收获机清选损失率和含杂率的田间试验研究起到推进作用,为研发适用于大豆收获的联合收获机清选装置提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: In view of the current situation that the cleaning sieve of the grain combine harvester is less applicable to soybean cleaning and the field performance test of soybean mechanical harvest is less, field performance tests of cleaning sieve of soybean harvest were conducted. We selected PRO688D as the field performance test machine and suike 20 as the soybean test variety. According to the preliminary experiments, researches of soybean combine harvester, the types and parameters of cleaning sieve which included upper, lower and tail sieve were determined. Selected conventional fish scale sieve, lengthened fish scale sieve, misplaced fish eye sieve, linear fish eye sieve and shell sieve as upper sieve, mesh sieve, round hole sieve and hexagonal hole sieve as lower sieve, and fish scale tail sieve and grid tail sieve as tail sieve. The vertical distance between two adjacent parallel sieves in the fish scale sieve is taken as the sieve plate opening of the fish scale sieve, and they were set as 26 mm, 28 mm and 30 mm. The cleaning loss rate and impurity rate during the field operation of the soybean combine harvester were used as the evaluation indexes of the soybean cleaning operation. Then, the field performance tests of cleaning soybean were carried out, and the data of the field performance test were analyzed and evaluated with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The optimization of the combination of sieve plate opening of fish scale sieves, upper sieves, lower sieves, tail sieves and cleaning sieves in the applicability of soybean harvesting was completed. The evaluation of cleaning operation level of different sieve plate opening of fish scale sieve showed that the cleaning operation level of fish scale sieve to soybean was the highest when sieve plate opening was 28mm. That is to say, when sieve plate opening was 28mm, the cleaning applicability of fish scale sieve to soybean was the best. The evaluations of the cleaning operation level of different tail sieve, upper sieve, lower sieve and combinations of cleaning sieve were conducted, the results of the cleaning applicability of different cleaning sieve to soybean were as follows: grid tail sieve was better than fish scale tail sieve; shell sieve and hexagonal hole sieve were the upper sieve and lower sieve with the best applicability for soybean machine cleaning. The highest level of cleaning sieves combination was that upper, lower and tail sieve were shell sieve, hexagonal hole sieve and fish scale tail sieve respectively. Cleaning sieve combination has the best cleaning applicability to soybean under the combination of shell sieve, hexagonal hole sieve and fish scale tail sieve. At this time, the cleaning loss rate of field performance test was 2.04%, and the impact rate was 0.53%. The results showed that the application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to comprehensive evaluation of cleaning loss rate and impurity rate of different cleaning sieves and optimization of cleaning operation level could effectively improve the cleaning applicability of grain combine harvester to soybean. This study can provide the practical basis for solving the problem of low applicability of cleaning sieve to soybean, promote the field test and research on reducing cleaning loss rate and impurity rate of soybean combine harvester, and supply references for the research and development of cleaning device for soybean combine harvester.

       

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