Abstract: Abstract: Compared with conventional Japonica rice, the grain yield of Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling transplanting is more advantageous. However, there are few studies on its quality effect under high nitrogen application rate. A field experiment was performed to investigate the effects of five fertilizer-N application rates (0, 195, 255, 315, 375 kg/hm2 represented by N0, N195, N255, N315, N375) on grain yield, rice quality, agronomic traits and economic benefit of Yongyou1540 (Indica-Japonica hybrid rice) and Zhendao18 (conventional Japonica rice), which are local main cultivars, in 2016 and 2017. Due to increase in leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate after the panicle initiation, dry matter accumulation, increase in the number of spikelets per panicle, the filled grain rate and thousand-grain weight were ensured, the grain yield of Yongyou1540 under N315 was the highest at 11.55 t/hm2 (2016) and 10.30 t/hm2 (2017). No significant difference was found for rice yield of conventional japonica rice Zhendao18 among different nitrogen application rates, with grain yield of 8.49-8.91 t/hm2 and 7.43-7.91 t/hm2 in 2016 and 2017. When the nitrogen application rate was less than 315 kg/hm2, the dry matter accumulation at the maturity stage and leaf area index at the heading stage of Yongyou1540 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. When the nitrogen application rate exceeded 315 kg/hm2, it continued to increase and even had a downward trend. Increased application of nitrogen fertilizer improved the milling quality by increasing the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and improved nutritional quality by increasing the protein content of the two varieties. However, the chalkiness and chalkiness degree increased and the amylose content decreased. The head rice rate of Yonyou1540 under N315 was 74.17% and 69.97% in 2016 and 2017, and they were not significantly different from N375. The chalkiness (11.00%, 17.33%) under N315 had no significant difference with N195. In addition, the percentage of head rice, protein content, chalkiness and amylose content of Zhendao18 under N195 was not significantly different from the other nitrogen fertilizer treatments. As the amount of nitrogen applied increased, the net income of Yongyou 1540 showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and N315 was the largest (15 513.3 and 12 263.3 Yuan/hm2 in 2016 and 2017). However, the income-increasing benefit of Zhendao 18 was not obvious due to increasing application of nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer with high-yield and premium-quality of Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling transplanting was 315 kg/hm2, and that of conventional Japonica rice was 195 kg/hm2. Compared to Zhendao18, Yongyou1540 in pot-seedling transplanting under suitable nitrogen levels improved grain yield by 22.9%-23.2%, increased head rice rate by 2.15%-4.50%, increased protein content by 30.44%-37.41%, and increased economic benefits by 51.07%-53.33% while reduced chalkiness by 9.52%-13.73%. In general, it is conducive to improving rice yield, quality and economic benefits for selecting Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling transplanting under 315 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer along the Yangtze River area in Anhui Province.