履带式联合收获机水田作业转向运动学分析与试验

    Steering kinematic analysis and experiment of tracked combine harvester working in paddy field

    • 摘要: 为设计适于水田土壤环境的履带式联合收获机导航控制器,需准确分析履带联合收获机在水田中的运动规律。该研究在建立履带联合收获机转向运动学模型的基础上,推导了低速侧履带转向滑移率和高速侧履带转向滑转率与转向半径、转向角速度、履带卷绕速度的关系,搭建了履带联合收获机转向运动参数测试系统,采用限幅平均滤波处理转速信号,滤波窗口宽度为10个采样值时,转速信号方差减小了60.8%;采用扩展Kalman滤波器融合定位数据和IMU传感器数据记录履带式联合收获机行进轨迹和航向角,航向监测标准差比滤波前减小53.6%。田间试验表明,水田中履带式联合收获机的转向半径和转向角速度主要与前进速度和滑转率、滑移率相关,高速度侧履带滑转率随前进速度的增加而增大,变化范围为0.066~0.378,低速侧履带滑移率接近1,由于履带转向时的滑移滑转,实际转向半径大于理论转向半径,转向半径修正系数的变化范围为1.737~2.947,与前进速度呈二次函数关系;实际转向角速度小于理论转向角速度,转向角速度修正系数的变化范围为0.315~0.677,与前进速度呈幂函数关系。研究结果可为水田作业的履带式联合收获机导航控制器设计提供理论依据和参考。?

       

      Abstract: The steering performance of tracked combine harvester working in paddy field is quite different from steering on hard ground because of the sticky and high moisture of the soil. The unmodified kinematic model of tracked combine harvester can not be used to design the automatic navigation controller of tracked combine harvester working in paddy field. A kinematics model of tracked combine harvester working in paddy field was established in this study. Based on the kinematics model, the relationship between the slip rate, skid rate, steering radius, steering angular velocity, and track winding speed was deduced. The steering radius correction coefficient and steering angular velocity correction coefficient were proposed to describe the relationship between the actual steering parameters and theoretical parameters. The effects of soil physical characteristics on track slip was analysed. In order to study the tracked combine harvester steering kinematic parameter in paddy field, a testing system was built. The winding speed of the tracks were obtained by monitoring the speed of the driving wheels on both sides of the track. Limiting average filter was used to process speed signal. The variance of speed signal decreased by 60.8% when filter window width was 10 sampled data. Extend Kalman Filter (EKF) was used to merge GPS and IMU date to obtain the trajectory and course of combine harvester. The standard deviation of course decreased by 53.6% compared with the data GPS only. Eleven groups of field experiments were carried out at different forward speeds. The forward speed range was 0.408-1.466 m/s which covering the working speed range of tracked combine harvester. Field experiment showed that the vehicle forward speed was slightly less than the track winding speed, the slip rate of low speed track increase with the increase of steering speed and close to 1, and it was in complete slip state. Skid rate increased with the increase of forward speed in the range of 0.066-0.378. Under the influence of steering slip and skid, the actual steering radius increased with the increase of steering speed. The actual steering angular velocity increased with the increase of steering speed, which had a same variation trend with the theoretical value, but the change rate was less than that of the theoretical value. The increasing of shearing on soil enlarged the skid rate and slip rate of track, leading to the lateral offset of steering pole. The actual steering radius and actual steering angular velocity were related to slip rate, skid rate and forward speed. The range of the steering radius correction coefficient was 1.737-2.947, which was a quadratic function of the forward velocity. The variation range of the correction coefficient of steering angular velocity was 0.315-0.677, which was a power function of the forward velocity. The steering kinematics model could be modified by the steering radius and steering angular velocity correction coefficient, which can provide theoretical basis and reference for tracked combine harvester navigation controller.

       

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