Abstract: Cultivated land fragmentation has become a key constraint problem in the process of China’s agricultural modernization, while solving the problem provides a necessary prerequisite for effective connection between small-scale farmers and industrial agriculture. Taking the Yuyang district of Yulin City, Northern Shaanxi province as a case study, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis on two local newly-innovated cultivated land consolidation models, namely “One Household One Plot” and “One Village One Plot” models, meanwhile to quantitatively investigate the performance differences of the two models by applying the descriptive statistics method and the difference-in-difference (DID) models, based on a dataset from household survey and sub-structural interview. Under “One Household One Plot” pattern, a subsidy of 3 000 yuan/hm2 is granted by local government to encourage farmers to merge the scattered plots into one large plot for each household, whereas under the “One Village One Plot” pattern, all scattered land plots in a village are integrated into only one plot and thereby can be unified managed by a farmer cooperative or an agricultural enterprise, whereby farmers can retain the land contracted rights but transfer the use rights to the operation agents. The results suggest that: 1) The “One Household One Plot” model is essentially a combination of the land property rights reorganization and decentralized circulation spontaneously conducted by individual farmers, with the land consolidation projects supported by the government; The “One Village One Plot” model is an innovation based on the “two-tiered management system” and “household contract responsibility system”, which provides an integration avenue for property rights reform, land consolidation, land circulation, and combination of both unified and decentralized management modes. 2) Both models significantly increased the area of cultivated land, thereby to solve the fragmentation problem. After land consolidation, the increase rates of cultivated land area were 6.02% and 57.58%, respectively. Both models can remarkably improve the production efficiency, 12.54% and 19.87%, respectively, due to the application of the mechanized operation in cultivated production. Both results indicate that the “One Village One Field” model is more effective than the “One Household One Plot” model. 3) Both models significantly increased farmers’ income. In comparison, the “One Household One Plot” increase farmer income only by increase the agricultural production efficiency, whereas the “One Village One Plot” by the increase in agricultural production efficiency and labor income from both farmland and non-farm employment. Three policy recommendations were made: 1) The government needs to refine policies for the guidance and support on cultivated land consolidation. 2) Fully exploit the positive roles played by village talents. 3) Clarify the responsibilities, rights and benefits of local governments, cooperatives, and farmers, hence to create innovative mechanisms for solving the cultivated land fragmentation problem and achieve the goal of appropriate scale and industrial operation of agriculture in China.