大气压力对小型农用柴油机怠速工况燃烧与排放的影响

王俊; 申立中; 文奕钧; 赵杰

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.15.009

大气压力对小型农用柴油机怠速工况燃烧与排放的影响

1.
西南林业大学机械与交通学院，昆明 650224
2.
昆明理工大学云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500
3.
昆明云内动力股份有限公司，昆明 650200

基金项目: 云南省农业联合青年项目（2018FG001-096）；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2018JS337）；西南林业大学校级科研专项项目（111912）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-02
- 修回日期: 2020-06-17
- 发布日期: 2020-07-31

Effects of atmospheric pressure on combustion and emission of a small agricultural diesel engine at idle condition

1.
School of Mechanical and Transportation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2.
Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engines, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
3.
Kunming Yunnei Power Co., Ltd., Kunming 650200, China

摘要

摘要: 怠速是非道路用柴油机重要的运行工况之一。为了深入探究大气压力对小型农用柴油机怠速工况下燃烧与排放性能的影响，利用大气压力模拟装置，研究了满足非道路国III排放标准的小型农用柴油机在怠速工况下燃烧特性与排放性能随大气压力（80、90、100 kPa）的变化规律。试验结果表明：在怠速工况下，小型农用柴油机匹配的涡轮增压器不起作用，并且在高原地区涡轮增压系统不具备自补偿能力；最高缸内压力、压力升高率峰值以及放热率峰值均随着大气压力的升高而升高，大气压力每升高10 kPa，上述燃烧参数分别平均升高13.33%、37.24%以及6.76%；而最高缸内燃烧温度随着大气压力的升高而降低，大气压力每升高10 kPa，平均降低11.18%；大气压力对CO排放与HC排放影响较大，大气压力每升高10 kPa，CO排放与HC排放分别平均降低47.47%与55.77%；大气压力对NOx排放与烟度的影响相对较小，大气压力每升高10 kPa，NOx排放平均升高18.93%，而烟度平均降低11.90%。该研究可为高原地区小型农用柴油机怠速工况的排放控制提供参考依据。
- 大气压力 /
- 燃烧 /
- 排放 /
- 农用柴油机 /
- 怠速
Abstract: Idle is one of the important operating conditions for non-road diesel engines. In China III, IV stage emission regulations from diesel engines for non-road mobile machinery, the proportion of idle condition in the eight-condition steady-state test cycle is 15% for the diesel engine operating at non-constant speed, and its ratio is 5% in the six-condition steady-state test cycle for the diesel engine with rated net power less than 19 kW and operating at unsteady speed. In China IV stage of non-road transient cycle (NRTC), the idle condition accounts for 4.52%. Due to the fact that the idle condition does not output power and also the fuel injection amount is small, the air-to-fuel ratio is relatively large and the combustion is incomplete at this time, which results in a large amount of fuel consumption and high emission of harmful gases. The land area with an altitude of more than 1 000 m in China is about 58% of the total area of the country, and proportion is about 33% for the plateau area with an altitude of more than 2 000 m. A large number of agricultural machinery powered by diesel engines operate at these areas. Compared with the sea level, atmospheric pressure will decline in plateau areas, the intake air mass flow rate decreases, and the operating performance at idle condition will further deteriorate. In order to investigate the effects of atmospheric pressure on combustion characteristics and emission performance of a small agricultural diesel engine at idle condition, the change law of combustion and emission performance of the small agricultural diesel engine, which meets the emission standard of China III non-road mobile machinery, was studied at different atmospheric pressures such as 80, 90, 100 kPa by using atmospheric pressure simulator. The experimental results demonstrated that the turbocharger matched with the small agricultural diesel engine did not work, and also the turbocharger system did not have self-compensation capability in plateau area at idle condition. Peak in-cylinder pressure, peak in-cylinder pressure rise rate, and peak heat release rate all go up with an increasing of atmospheric pressure; the average increase rate were 13.33%, 37.24% and 6.76%, respectively, with atmospheric pressure increased per 10 kPa. However, peak in-cylinder combustion temperature showed a decreased tendency with atmospheric pressure increased; the average decrease rate was 11.18% with atmospheric pressure increased per 10 kPa. Atmospheric pressure had a great influence on carbon monoxide (CO) emission and hydrocarbon (HC) emission. CO emission and HC emission declined sharply with an increasing of atmospheric pressure; the average decrease rate were 47.47% and 55.77%, respectively, with atmospheric pressure increased per 10 kPa. The variation range of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission and smoke were relatively small with atmospheric pressure increased. With atmospheric pressure increased per 10 kPa, the average NOx emission increased 18.93%, while the average smoke reduced 11.90%. This research can provide a reference for the establishment of emission control strategy for a small agricultural diesel engine at idle condition in a plateau area.
- atmospheric pressure /
- combustion /
- emission /
- agricultural diesel engine /
- idle

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