施磷水平和接种AMF与解磷细菌对苜蓿产量及磷素利用效率的影响

刘俊英; 回金峰; 孙梦瑶; 刘选帅; 鲁为华; 马春晖; 张前兵

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.016

施磷水平和接种AMF与解磷细菌对苜蓿产量及磷素利用效率的影响

石河子大学动物科技学院，石河子 832003

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（32001400，31660693）；霍英东青年教师基金（171099）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2018T111120，2017M613252）；石河子大学青年创新人才培育计划项目（CXRC201605）；国家牧草产业技术体系项目（CARS-34）资助。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-23
- 修回日期: 2020-09-27
- 发布日期: 2020-09-30

Effects of phosphorus application and inoculation arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on dry matter yield and phosphorus use efficiency of alfalfa

College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

摘要

摘要: 为探讨不同施磷水平下接种丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi，AMF）与解磷细菌对苜蓿干物质产量及其磷素利用效率的影响，筛选出苜蓿最佳的施肥模式，为紫花苜蓿高效生产及高效复合型菌肥的研制提供理论依据。该研究试验采用双因素随机区组设计，AMF选用摩西管柄囊霉，解磷细菌选用巨大芽孢杆菌，设置4个施菌水平：分别为接种摩西管柄囊霉（Fm，J1）、巨大芽孢杆菌（Bm，J2）、混合菌种（Fm×Bm，J3）和未接菌处理对照组（J0）。施磷（P2O5）设置4个水平P0~P3分别为：0、50、100和150 mg/kg，菌磷互作共16个处理。结果表明：1）相同施菌条件下，苜蓿各茬次干物质产量、总干物质产量和植株磷含量均随施磷量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。除J2条件下，J2P1处理下的苜蓿总干物质产量达到最大值外，其他施菌条件下，苜蓿的总干物质产量均在P2处理达到最大，且施磷处理显著大于未施磷处理（P<0.05）。苜蓿的磷肥偏生产力及磷肥农学效率均随施磷量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势，而土壤全磷含量和速效磷含量均随着施磷量的增多呈增加的趋势。2）相同施磷处理下，单接种菌处理和混合接种处理下苜蓿的干物质产量、植株磷含量、磷素利用效率、土壤全磷以及速效磷含量均显著大于不接菌处理（P<0.05），其中总干物质产量、土壤全磷和速效磷含量均在J3处理达到最大值。根际土壤速效磷含量与干物质产量拟合的相关系数最大，拟合效果最好。土壤全磷、速效磷含量均与总干物质产量呈显著正相关。因此，当施磷量为100 mg/kg，混合接种AMF与解磷细菌能够显著增加苜蓿土壤磷素有效性，提高磷素利用效率，进而增加苜蓿的干物质产量。
- 菌 /
- 生物量 /
- 肥料 /
- 苜蓿 /
- AMF /
- 解磷细菌 /
- 磷素利用效率
Abstract: This study aims to explore the effects of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the dry matter yield of alfalfa, and phosphorus use efficiency under various treatments with different phosphorus level, and thereby an optimal fertilization mode was established for the selected alfalfa. A randomized block design was used in the experiment for two factors of bacteria and phosphorus. Four levels of phosphorus application were set, including 0 (P0), 50 (P1), 100 (P2), and 150 mg/kg (P3). Four types of inoculation treatments were as follows: no inoculation (J0), Funneliformis mosseae (J1), Bacillus megaterium (J2), and double inoculation (B. megaterium + F. mosseae) (J3). Sixteen treatments were set, each of which was repeated six times. The treatment group was inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae, where the average amount of fungus was 10 g/pot. In the treatment group of Bacillus megaterium, the average amount of bacterial solution was 10 mL/pot. In the mixed inoculation group, Bacillus megaterium in each pot was added the amount of 5 g (about 8 500 inoculation potential units) and 5 mL. The same number of sterilized bacteria was also added to the J0 treatment. The results showed that the dry matter yield of alfalfa at the total or individual cut gradually increased first and then decreased, with the increase in the application rate of phosphorus under the same conditions of bacteria treatment. In the J3 treatment, the total dry matter yield of alfalfa reached the maximum under the P1 phosphorus level. In the rest of bacteria application conditions, the total dry matter yield of alfalfa reached the maximum in P2 phosphorus level. The phosphorus content of aboveground plants increased first and then decreased, as the application rate of phosphorus increased. Specifically, the content of phosphorus in treatment group was significantly higher than that in the non-phosphorus treatment (P<0.05), whereas, there was no significant difference between phosphorus application treatments (P>0.05). The partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer decreased, with the increase of phosphorus application rate. The contents of total phosphorus (TP) and rapid available phosphorus (AP) increased in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, with the increase in the application rate of phosphorus. In the same phosphorus conditions, the dry matter yield, phosphorus content of plant, use efficiency of phosphorus, TP, and AP content of alfalfa under the single or mixed inoculation treatments were significantly higher than those under non-inoculation treatment (P<0.05), where the contents of TP and AP reached the maximum in the J3 treatment. There was the highest correlation coefficient between the AP content in rhizosphere soil and dry matter yield, indicating the optimal fitting effect. The contents of TP and AP were positively correlated with the total dry matter yield. Therefore, when the application rate of phosphorus was set as 100 mg/kg, the comprehensive inoculation of AMF and PSB can significantly increase the phosphorus availability in soil, thereby to improve phosphorus use efficiency, further to increase the dry matter yield of alfalfa. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for the high production of alfalfa, and the application of efficient compound microbial fertilizer.
- bacteria /
- biomass /
- fertilizers /
- alfalfa /
- AMF /
- PSB /
- phosphorus use efficiency

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