舒小情, 管金貂, 孙静纯, 童功松, 陈丽鹦, 周南, 王一帆, 钟美娥. 氮磷共掺杂生物质多孔碳的绿色合成及其在锂硫电池中的应用[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(3): 231-237. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.028
    引用本文: 舒小情, 管金貂, 孙静纯, 童功松, 陈丽鹦, 周南, 王一帆, 钟美娥. 氮磷共掺杂生物质多孔碳的绿色合成及其在锂硫电池中的应用[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(3): 231-237. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.028
    Shu Xiaoqing, Guan Jindiao, Sun Jingchun, Tong Gongsong, Chen Liying, Zhou Nan, Wang Yifan, Zhong Mei'e. Green synthesis of N,P-codoped porous biomass carbon for high-performance Li-S batteries[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(3): 231-237. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.028
    Citation: Shu Xiaoqing, Guan Jindiao, Sun Jingchun, Tong Gongsong, Chen Liying, Zhou Nan, Wang Yifan, Zhong Mei'e. Green synthesis of N,P-codoped porous biomass carbon for high-performance Li-S batteries[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(3): 231-237. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.028

    氮磷共掺杂生物质多孔碳的绿色合成及其在锂硫电池中的应用

    Green synthesis of N,P-codoped porous biomass carbon for high-performance Li-S batteries

    • 摘要: 针对多孔碳材料的合成依赖于强腐蚀性造孔剂和额外杂原子化合物,存在碳产率低、制备成本高的问题,该研究提出通过交联作用和原位掺杂策略绿色制备一种高产量、官能团丰富、氮磷共掺杂的生物质多孔碳,再通过物理复合制得碳硫复合材料用作锂硫电池正极。研究结果表明,植酸与烟梗表面官能团的强交联作用有利于形成多孔碳。同时,植酸富含碳和磷元素,可对多孔碳材料进行碳包覆和磷掺杂双重改性,进而提高碳产率,改善材料的导电性,增强材料对活性物质硫的吸附固定效果,加快充放电过程中电子的迁移转化。当植酸用量为20 mL时,所制复合材料在0.1 C倍率下的放电容量高达1 211 mAh/g;在1C倍率下循环300圈仍保持为885 mAh/g,每圈容量衰减率仅为0.029%,表现出优异的循环稳定性。

       

      Abstract: Rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery (Li-S) has attracted extensive attention, due to its abundant resource, low cost, environmental friendliness, and high theoretical specific capacity. However, the main challenge for Li-S battery industrialization is to solve the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide and the low conductivity of sulfur-related species. A large number of previous studies reported that combining sulfur with porous carbon can effectively alleviate the problem. Unfortunately, most carbon materials are non-polar and mainly restrain the dissolution of polysulfide by limited physical adsorption, resulting in low capacity and poor cycle stabilities. Alternatively, heteroatom doping can serve as electro-catalysts to accelerate polysulfide redox kinetics, and thereby improve electrochemical performance. At present, the preparation of heteroatom-doped porous carbon relies mainly on the use of highly corrosion activations, such as KOH, and foreign heteroatom-containing compounds for tailoring the specific structure, accompanied by low yield and costly. Therefore, it is very urgent to explore a simple, feasible, and environmentally friendly approach to synthesize the heteroatom-doped porous carbon. Herein, a cross-link and in-situ doping strategy was first proposed for the green synthesis of high yield, abundant functional groups and N, P-codoped porous biomass carbon (NPOC). The methodology involved simultaneous cross-linked pore-forming, carbon modification, and in-situ P, N codoping to generate high yield and high conductivity biochar. In this system, phytic acid (a plant extract and contains six phosphate groups) was chosen as the reaction medium, whereas, tobacco stalk (a type of economical waste biomass rich in nitrogen element and oxygen-containing functional groups) was employed as the carbon precursor. Due to its unusual coordination ability, phytic acid can cross-link with the oxygen-containing functional groups of biomass (tobacco stalk) to produce a three-dimensional porous network structure. Because of its abundant carbon and phosphorus content, the decomposition of phytic acid during heat treatment can provide carbon modification and P-doped for rich-nitrogen tobacco stems biochar, leading to high yield and conductivity. A physical melting was used to obtain the NOPC/S composites. The N and P dopants were beneficial to the immobilization and catalytic conversion of polysulfide, thus boosting the cyclic stability and rate capacity. The electrochemical performance indicated that when the amount of added phytic acid was set as 20 mL, the synthesized NOPC-2 material delivered a high discharge capacity of 1 211 mAh/g at 0.1C. More importantly, there was a capacity retention value of 885 mAh/g after 300 cycles at 1C, with only 0.029% capacity attenuation rate of each cycle. These findings can illuminate a promising excellent S storage porous carbon material. A novel and green pore-forming strategy can be expected to fabricate the high-performance sulfur host for Li-S batteries, particularly with the waste biomass in sustainable agriculture.

       

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