刘露, 侯鹏, 刘泽元, 吴乃阳, 李玮珊, 邬若男, 王海军, 马永久, 李云开. 适用于黄河水滴灌的灌水器筛选研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(6): 99-107. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.013
    引用本文: 刘露, 侯鹏, 刘泽元, 吴乃阳, 李玮珊, 邬若男, 王海军, 马永久, 李云开. 适用于黄河水滴灌的灌水器筛选研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(6): 99-107. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.013
    Liu Lu, Hou Peng, Liu Zeyuan, Wu Naiyang, Li Weishan, Wu Ruonan, Wang Haijun, Ma Yongjiu, Li Yunkai. Selection of suitable drip-emitters for Yellow River water drip irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(6): 99-107. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.013
    Citation: Liu Lu, Hou Peng, Liu Zeyuan, Wu Naiyang, Li Weishan, Wu Ruonan, Wang Haijun, Ma Yongjiu, Li Yunkai. Selection of suitable drip-emitters for Yellow River water drip irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(6): 99-107. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.013

    适用于黄河水滴灌的灌水器筛选研究

    Selection of suitable drip-emitters for Yellow River water drip irrigation

    • 摘要: 传统的黄河水滴灌系统灌水器选择方法常以抗堵塞能力高低为标准,极易产生成本过高、资源浪费等问题。该研究提出了综合考虑使用年限需求、系统成本投入及碳足迹的滴灌带产品选择方法,并开展了黄河水原位加速测试试验。结果表明:黄河水滴灌条件下不同类型灌水器产品的生命周期、投入成本和碳足迹差异较大,以1 a使用期的毛管不冲洗处理组为例,内镶贴片式生命周期均值最高,内镶圆柱式、贴条式次之,单翼迷宫式最低,分别为309.8、170.3、158.1、135.9 h;成本与碳足迹为圆柱式最高,内镶贴片式、贴条式次之,单翼迷宫式最低,较前3者成本分别低52.7%~67.5%、17.1%~63.5%、28.7%~54.7%,产生的碳足迹分别低0~15.5%、10.6%~17.1%、8.9%~12.6%。并在此基础上建议河套灌区黄河水滴灌条件下1 a使用期的向日葵、3 a使用期的枸杞及5 a使用期的苜蓿分别选择流量为2.7 L/h的单翼迷宫式、1.4和2.8 L/h(配合毛管冲洗)的内镶贴片式灌水器。研究可为沿黄流域滴灌技术高质量发展和快速推广提供支撑。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: Diversified irrigation water has become an increasingly urgent need, due mainly to the limited fresh water resources and water pollution in China. Consequently, Yellow-river water irrigation has attracted more attention in recent decades. Since the Yellow River is the most sediment-filled river on earth, emitter clogging by a high concentration of sand has confined to the application of drip irrigation. Naturally, anti-clogging performance has been a commonly-used indicator to select the appropriate emitters. However, resource waste, high costs, and carbon footprint have posed a great challenge on both the anti-clogging performance and service life, when selecting the emitter products. In this study, an experimental field test was conducted to select emitter and lateral products suitable for drip irrigation with Yellow-River water, concurrently considering the anti-clogging performance, service life, system cost, and carbon footprint. SPSS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to establish selection indexes, and then to screen the suitable emitter products for various crops in different years. 16 kinds of emitters were also analyzed using Cristiansen Uniformity (CU) coefficient, including inlaid plain channel emitters, inlaid cylindrical emitters, single-wing labyrinth, and inlaid strip emitters. 3 crops were selected to evaluate the drip irrigation laterals. The experimental water was taken from the Wushen Canal in Hetao Irrigation District, and then filtered with sedimentation basin before entering into the drip irrigation system. Irrigation water was treated through the homogeneous filtration of a sand filter and a laminated filter. The work pressure was maintained at 0.1 MPa in operation. The Yellow-River water was operated for 9 h/d with a flushing frequency of once every 60 h at a flow rate of 0.45 m/s and a flushing time of 6 min, a total of 600 h (flushing water) and 720 h (non-flushing water). The results showed that there were significant differences in life cycle, cost and carbon footprint in different types of drip-emitters. The longest life cycle was found in flat emitters, followed by cylindrical emitters, strip emitters, and single wing labyrinth emitters. The highest cost was found in cylindrical emitters, followed by flat emitters, strip emitters, and single wing labyrinth emitters. CU of all emitters showed a slow and then rapid downward trend. The highest carbon footprint was cylindrical emitters, followed by flat emitters, strip emitters, and single wing labyrinth emitters. Taking the no-flushing capillary for one-year life cycle as an example, the costs of single wing labyrinth emitters are 52.7%-67.5%, 17.1%-63.5% and 28.7%-54.7% lower than that of cylinder emitters, flat emitters and strip emitters, respectively, and the carbon footprint is 10.6%-14.7%, 0-13.2% and 8.9%-12.6% lower. Consequently, it was recommended to use the single wing labyrinth drip emitter with 2.7 L/h for a 1-year usage period (sunflower), the flat emitter with 1.4 L/h for a 3-year usage period (Chinese wolfberry), and the flat emitter with 2.8 L/h (with capillary flushing) for a 5-year usage period (alfalfa) in the crop irrigation in Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation Area. Capillary flushing demonstrated relatively low effects on the 1 and 3-year period (sunflower and Chinese wolfberry), however, the effects were more obvious on the 5-year use period (alfalfa). This finding can provide a new perspective for the selection of drip-emitter products in large-scale drip irrigation with the high-sand Yellow-River water.

       

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