Abstract: Straw resource has exceeded 190 million tons in Northeast China, accounting for more than 1/5 of the national total. Northeast China is the main grain-producing area, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and East Inner Mongolia (Chifeng, Tongliao, Hulunbeier, and Xing'an League). The high-yield black soil in this region has also encountered an overdraft of land fertility in recent years. Many efforts have been made to enhance the utilization capacity and returning level of straw, in order to speed up the recycling of straw, while protecting the black land in the important corn production area, one of "the golden corn belt". Green development can be a trade-off between the ecological environment and resource bearing capacity, where environmental protection is taken as an important pillar to achieve sustainable development. In the treatment of straw resources, burning straw in the open air would pollute the atmosphere to cause fire risks and traffic hazards, whereas, random stacking after collection would pose the risk of water pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective measures to protect the black soil, while improving the comprehensive utilization and benefits of straw and rationally tailoring the priority sequence of fertilizer, feed, fuel, base and raw material. This study aims to explore the long-term mechanism for the high quality and efficient development of the straw industry, according to the general requirements of green and sustainable agriculture. The connotation of green development was first summarized to combine the present situation, while some suggestions and developmental needs of straw utilization were proposed during this time. Correspondingly, the general idea was also given for the straw industry development under the guidance of the "Green" concept. It was found that the direct returning straw to fields for fertilizers was mainly distributed in the United States, the combined planting with breeding for feed utilization was mainly in South Korea, and the generating power and heat for energy utilization was mainly in Denmark. Subsequently, the main achievements were combined with the typical practices of straw utilization in Northeast China. A long-term development framework of the straw industry was also constructed under the guidance of the "Green" concept, from the perspectives of technical equipment, regulations, cultivation of market subjects, public service, and market supervision. Finally, the straw utilization mode using a long-term mechanism was carried out in villages and towns communities using the pyrolysis co-production technology, as illustrated by examples. This finding can provide potential decision-making support to promote high quality and efficient utilization of straw in Northeast China.