赵波, 孔凡磊, 陈祥, 刘佳媛, 李小龙, 杜霞, 陈谋浩, 袁继超. 玉米机械粒收籽粒含杂率与穗轴特性关系分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(14): 33-39. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.004
    引用本文: 赵波, 孔凡磊, 陈祥, 刘佳媛, 李小龙, 杜霞, 陈谋浩, 袁继超. 玉米机械粒收籽粒含杂率与穗轴特性关系分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(14): 33-39. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.004
    Zhao Bo, Kong Fanlei, Chen Xiang, Liu Jiayuan, Li Xiaolong, Du Xia, Chen Mouhao, Yuan Jichao. Analysis of the relationship between grain impurity rate and cob characteristics of maize mechanical harvesting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(14): 33-39. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.004
    Citation: Zhao Bo, Kong Fanlei, Chen Xiang, Liu Jiayuan, Li Xiaolong, Du Xia, Chen Mouhao, Yuan Jichao. Analysis of the relationship between grain impurity rate and cob characteristics of maize mechanical harvesting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(14): 33-39. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.004

    玉米机械粒收籽粒含杂率与穗轴特性关系分析

    Analysis of the relationship between grain impurity rate and cob characteristics of maize mechanical harvesting

    • 摘要: 明确玉米机械粒收籽粒含杂率及其与穗轴特性的关系,对于实现高质量粒收,推动玉米机械粒收技术发展具有重要意义。该研究于2018-2020年在四川中江同一地块,采用同一机械、操作人员进行分期收获试验,调查籽粒含杂率、各杂质组分绝对含量、穗轴弯曲强度和含水率,探讨各收获期杂质组分和穗轴特性变化规律,以期明确籽粒含杂率与穗轴特性的关系。结果显示,随收获期推迟,籽粒含杂率、杂质中穗轴绝对含量和穗轴含水率显著降低,穗轴弯曲强度先升高后降低。不同收获期穗轴均是主要的杂质成分,比例达32%~79%,平均为51.45%。籽粒含杂率与穗轴弯曲强度和穗轴含水率关系分析结果显示,籽粒含杂率与穗轴弯曲强度不相关,与穗轴含水率呈指数关系(y = 0.045 6e0.063 7x, R2 = 0.774 7, n = 75),玉米穗轴含水率降低至65.72%以下收获机械粒收籽粒含杂率可降至3%以下。进一步分析发现,在相同收获期或穗轴含水率相近时,籽粒含杂率与穗轴弯曲强度关系不大。穗轴作为玉米机械粒收主要的杂质成分,其含水率能很好解释籽粒含杂率的变化。生产上选择和选育玉米穗轴脱水快、含水率低或通过推迟收获期在玉米穗轴含水率较低时进行机械粒收,可显著降低机械粒收含杂率。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: Grain impurity content is one of the most important indexes for the performance of mechanical grain harvest technology in modern maize production. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between gain impurity rate and cob characteristics, thereby realizing high-quality grain harvest for the better development of mechanical grain harvest in southwest China. A field experiment was also conducted at Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Province from 2018 to 2020. The same combine harvester and operating personnel were used in different harvest date, in order to investigate the variation regularity of impurity components and cob characteristics. The results showed as below: The impurity rate, absolute content of cob in impurity, and cob moisture content decreased significantly, while the cob bending strength increased at first, and then decreased gradually, with the delay of harvest date. The cob was also the main impurity component in different harvest dates, accounting for 32%-79%, and the average was 51.45%. A systematic analysis was made to clarify the correlation between the grain impurity rate, cob bending strength, and moisture content in different harvest time. It was found that there was no correlation between grain impurity rate and cob bending strength, whereas, an exponential relationship between the grain impurity rate and cob moisture content, where the fitting equation was y=0.045 6e0.063 7x (R2=0.774 7**, n=75). For instance, the grain impurity rate was reduced to less than 3% in the mechanical grain harvest, when the moisture content of maize cob was reduced to less than 65.72%. Nevertheless, there was little relationship between the grain impurity rate and cob bending strength at the same harvest dates, or when the cob moisture content was similar. The grain impurity rate in the study area was generally in agreement with the national standard maize production during mechanical grain harvesting under similar conditions. Since the cob was the main impurity component, the cob moisture content was widely expected to well explain the change of grain impurity rate. Consequently, two suggestions can be made to reduce the grain impurity rate during mechanical grain harvesting. One is to select and breed the maize varieties with low moisture content and fast dehydration, and another is to mechanically harvest with low moisture content via delaying harvest time in maize production.

       

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