Abstract: Coupling and coordination between industrial structure and land-use efficiency have been one of the most important strategies for urban management in the critical period of high quality, comprehensive and sustainable development. Taking 108 prefecture-level and above cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the study area, this study aims to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of the coordination degree between urban industrial structure and land-use efficiency. A coupling coordination degree model was employed to calculate the Industrial Structure Rationalization (ISR), Industrial Structure Advanced level (ISA), and urban Land Use Efficiency (LUE) from 2006 to 2018. A spatial autocorrelation model was further used to analyze the spatial correlation of the coupling and coordination between urban industrial structure and land-use efficiency. The results indicated that: 1) The coupling and coordination degree between industrial structure rationalization and land-use efficiency (DRE) was in a barely coordinated stage as a whole, where the degree of DRE showed an upward trend. Meanwhile, the coupling and coordination degree between industrial structure advancement and land-use efficiency was in the transition stage from the barely to primary coordination, where the degree of DAE was on the rise. 2) In terms of spatial pattern, both DRE and DAE presented a distribution pattern of "downstream>midstream>upstream", as time went by. There was also a decreasing difference in the coordination degree of the industrial structure and land-use efficiency over the regions. 3) The global autocorrelation showed that the DRE and DAE presented a significant spatial autocorrelation. Specifically, the spatial autocorrelation of DRE became weaker over the time, whereas, there was only a little change of DAE. The local spatial autocorrelation showed that: the H-H type areas of DRE were mainly concentrated in a small area at the junction of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, whereas, the L-L agglomeration areas were mainly distributed in some cities in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, including the eastern Sichuan Province, western Guizhou Province and southwestern Yunnan Province, while, the L-H agglomeration areas were scattered in the border areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the HL agglomeration areas were almost non-existent, the H-H agglomeration areas of DAE were mainly distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, the L-L agglomeration areas were scattered in the upper reaches, such as the northern Anhui Province and the junction of Anhui and Jiangxi, the L-H agglomeration areas were located in the Huai'an City of Jiangsu Province, Zhoushan City of Zhejiang Province, and Xuancheng city of Anhui Province, the HL agglomeration areas were just appeared in the individual provinces in some years. Consequently, some recommendation was made that the “low-level trap” needed to be bridged for the decision making on the differentiated land and industrial control, according to the matching type of industrial structure-land use efficiency-medium-low coupling coordination degree. Furthermore, it is necessary to fully consider the spatial correlation between the proper, advanced industrial structure and the land-use efficiency, when implementing the development strategies, according to the local conditions.