Abstract: The Cropland Conversion to Forest or Fruit Production (CCFFP) can be that the land often farming crops is converted to grow the non-grain agricultural product, such as the fruit tree, and tea garden. The roots of shrubs or fruit trees normally penetrate deep into the soil, and seriously damage the physical and chemical properties of soil, further reducing the fertility of the soil, which is a serious land use behavior in the non-grain cultivated land. Since the comparative benefits of grain production decreased in recent years, the number of migrant laborers to cities and the economic benefits of planting fruit have increased, while the area of CCFFP continues to increase. It is of great significance to reveal the spatial-temporal differentiation and driving factors of cropland conversion to fruit production for land utilization and stable grain production. In this study, the land use dataset was collected from GlobeLand30 in Hainan Province in 2000, 2010, and 2020. The transfer matrix, geographical detector, and multiple linear regression models were comprehensively selected to systematically analyze the overall situation, spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics, and driving factors of cropland conversion to fruit production from the perspective of land cover change. The results showed that the area of cropland conversion to fruit production decreased from 1 314.35 km2 in 2000-2010 to 472.45 km2 in 2010-2020, indicating a significant decrease in the scale. The conversion of cropland to forest land was the main flow of cropland conversion to fruit production utilization, where 397.61 km2 of cropland conversion to fruit production in the previous period (2000-2010) was converted to cultivated land in the later period (2010-2020) and was replanted the crops. There was an outstanding spatial difference in cropland conversion to fruit production utilization at the level of city and county, indicating the higher areas in Wenchang and Danzhou. There was basically a similar spatial distribution pattern of cropland conversion to fruit production at the grid scale, but the proportion presented significant indigenous differences. There was a different explanatory power of driving factors in each period. The GDP growth rate, topography, and location factors were the main driving factors with strong explanatory power. In addition, the driving factors for the cropland conversion to fruit production were the interaction between factors, indicating the double factor of nonlinear enhancement. Some recommendations were also proposed to optimize the pattern of tropical fruit planting for the grain unitization of cropland. 1) To strengthen the tropical agriculture planting in different regions; 2) To develop differentiated guiding fruit planting and forest fostering; 3) To utilize the high temporal and spatial resolution remote sensing satellite to monitor the crop type; 4) To forbid wasting arable land, digging soil for building material or fishpond for fish farm.