Abstract: The underlying surface can be closely related to the atmospheric movement near the land surface. It is also a primary determinant of soil wind erosion, particularly for the mining environment restoration. One of the most important cities for opencast coal mining, Wuhai City in Inner Mongolia of China is located in the arid desert areas of the northwest with the violent surface sand movement. It is a high demand to reveal the features of wind erosion for the typical underlying surface in this study areas. In this study, a systematic investigation was made to classify the different underlying surfaces for the features of aeolian sand flows in the mining areas via field monitoring. The results showed that the underlying surface of the opencast coal mines was divided into 12 categories, according to the features of surface particulates, vegetation coverage, and surface wetness. With the increase of height, the vertical characteristics of aeolian sand flow and sediment transport on the underlying surface of rocky vegetation with low coverage and dryness (RLd) showed that it first decreased and then increased, and the rest of the underlying surface generally showed a decrease with the increase of height; where the 0.2 m depth was the main transport layer of wind-sand flow. There was an increase of gravel coverage, vegetation coverage and surface wetness, whereas, the decrease in the horizontal flux of sand flow at the site. Affected by large-scale mechanical circulation operations, the near-surface soil structure becomes loose, and the particle size of wind-eroded substances decreases. At the same time, due to its own surface drying, the wind-erodibility of the near-surface soil in the study area increases; dust accelerates migration. Under the influence of turning machinery, the spatial structure characteristics of the wind-sand flow on the underlying surface in the active production area in the mine shifted to the high-rise compared with other underlying surfaces. The wind erosion in the main mining area was severe, and the stronger the degree of human interference, the migration phenomenon. more obvious. The underlying surface of the sand around the mining area has a large horizontal flux, and the surface is highly wind-erodible. It is affected by the prevailing wind in the study area and the surface depression caused by artificial mining. It is the main source of large-sized wind-eroded materials in the mining area. Due to the increase of surface wetness and vegetation coverage, the optimal relationship of aeolian sand flow structure on part of the underlying surface is in the form of an exponential function, which shows that the amount of sediment transport changes sharply with the increase of height, and the optimal relationship between the other underlying surface sand flow structure function type is a power function. The transported material on the underlying surface of the main active mining area in the mine is mainly ultra-fine silt, and the influence range of the main particle size group wind erosion is more than 1.5 m, which is the main reason for the decrease of visibility in the opencast mining area. Therefore, the finding can provide a theoretical reference and technological support for the sand prevention and control in the opencast mines in the arid and semi-arid areas.