Abstract: An aquaponics system can be used to realize the material circulation and transformation between aquatic products and vegetables in a zero-emission and sustainable mode during agricultural production. This study aims to explore the growth status of different types of vegetables in the aquaponics system, particularly for the influence on nitrogen transformation in aquaculture effluent. A coupled aquaponics system was established in a glass greenhouse in the Pukou Campus of Nanjing Agricultural University, China, in 2021. An experiment was also conducted without environmental control from 20th May 2021 to 15th June 2021. Natural light irradiation and ventilation were also used during the experiment. A coupled aquaponics system was performed on five types of vegetables ((Lycopersicon esculentum var. Cerasiforme, Capsicum annuum L., Ipomoea aquatica Forsk, Apium graveolens, Gynura bicolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC.)). The results showed that there was a positive increase in the fresh weight and plant height of the vegetables in the experimental groups that cultivated with aquaculture tail water after the 26 d planting test. Among them, the maximum fresh weight and plant height were 28.43 g, and 31.84 cm, respectively, in the group of Lycopersicon esculentum var.Cerasiforme, indicating the relative increase rate of 246.25%. The fitting curve was a quadratic equation for the root mass ratio and fresh mass. As such, the organs of vegetables were better developed in each experimental group, when the root mass ratio was between 34% and 42%. Furthermore, the concentration of nitrogen compounds decreased significantly in each group during the experimental period. It infers that planting vegetables with aquaculture tail water was a better way to reuse the resources for the reduced discharge of pollutants in aquaculture wastewater. Meanwhile, the relative removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in the group of Lycopersicon esculentum var.Cerasiforme was 69.17 % in 42 h, and the relative removal rate of nitrite nitrogen in 6 h was 41.09 %. The minimum mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 0.152 mg/L, and the pH value was stable at about 6.98 at the end of the experiment. The Gynura bicolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC., group presented the maximum nitrite nitrogen relative removal rate of 55.25% and the nitrate nitrogen relative removal rate of 42.35%. In addition, the root mass ratio in the group of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk was much smaller than that in the rest, but the physiological parameters were not lower, indicating the lower chemical oxygen demand, and the higher dissolved oxygen. The reason was that the increasing dissolved oxygen of vegetable roots prevented the excessive development of vegetable roots, thus increasing the biomass of edible parts. However, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the group of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk were lower than those in other experimental groups, due mainly to the lower degree of nitrification in the root environment and the lower chemical oxygen demand. Consequently, the low activity of nitrifying bacteria remains to be further explored. In conclusion, the coupled aquaponics system, Lycopersicon esculentum var. Cerasiforme has an excellent purification and transformation effect on the water quality and nitrogen of the aquaculture tail water.