Abstract: Abstract: Edible sunflower is one of the most important economic crops in China. It is also highly required for the plumpness and shape of edible sunflower seeds, in order to serve as the snack foods after processing. As such, manual and mechanical threshing can be commonly used for the processing of edible sunflower seeds at present. Among them, there is the low rate of grain damage during manual threshing, but the low threshing efficiency and the high labor intensity. Mechanical threshing presents the high threshing rate of edible sunflower, but there is a serious grain damage, where a grain threshing drum can be mostly adopted to utilize the bar or bow tooth for the threshing operation. Therefore, it is a high demand to balance the threshing operation for the high quality of edible sunflower seeds. Furthermore, it is still lacking on the specific mechanical threshing equipment for the edible sunflower seeds other than the oil sunflower. In this study, a bionic hammer threshing device was developed to simulate the manual threshing process for the low rate of grain damage and the high threshing rate of edible sunflower. A static and dynamic analysis was also made to explore the mechanism of grain loss in the threshing process. Specifically, the sunflower disk was faced down to simulate the overturning action during threshing. The threshing spring was used to push upward the hammer rod for the threshing operation. A conveyor belt differential design was conducted to realize the rotary table operation. The structural parameters of threshing parts and conveying mechanism were optimized, according to the physical characteristics of edible sunflower plate and grain. A theoretical analysis was also made to determine the optimal factors for the rate of non-depuration and damage. The test-bed of edible sunflower threshing device was trial produced to verify the simulation. The orthogonal test was carried out to determine the optimal combination of better working parameters, particularly with the hitting frequency, threshing channel clearance, and spring compression as the test factors, while the non-threshing rate and damage rate as the test indexes. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of the factors affecting the non-threshing rate of edible sunflower plate and the grain damage rate were the hitting frequency, the threshing channel gap, and the spring compression amount in the process of bionic threshing. The optimal combination of working parameter was achieved with the hitting frequency of 44 times/min, the threshing channel gap of 78 mm, and the spring compression amount of 25 mm. The verification test was carried out under the optimal combination of parameters. The results showed that the non-threshing rate of edible sunflower and the grain damage rate were 8.12% and 0.65%, respectively. Moreover, the rate of non-depigmentation was higher, whereas, the damage rate was lower, fully meeting the harvest standard of edible sunflowers. The findings can provide a strong reference to develop the mechanical threshing equipment for the edible sunflower.