加气对西北旱区膜下滴灌棉花生长与水分利用效率的影响

王振华; 韩美琪; 宋利兵; 宗睿; 温越; 武小荻

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.14.013

加气对西北旱区膜下滴灌棉花生长与水分利用效率的影响

王振华^1,2,3,
韩美琪^1,2,3,
宋利兵^1,2,3,
宗睿^1,2,3,
温越^1,2,3,
武小荻^1,2,3

1.
石河子大学水利建筑工程学院，石河子 832000
2.
现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室，石河子 832000
3.
农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室，石河子 832000

基金项目: 国家重点研发专项（2021YFD19008003-3）；国家自然科学基金项目（51869027）；兵团重大科技项目（2021AA003-1）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-31
- 修回日期: 2022-06-09
- 发布日期: 2022-07-30

Effects of aeration on the growth and water use efficiency of cotton under mulched drip irrigation in the dry areas of Northwest China

Wang Zhenhua^1,2,3,
Han Meiqi^1,2,3,
Song Libin^1,2,3,
Zong Rui^1,2,3,
Wen Yue^1,2,3,
Wu Xiaodi^1,2,3

1.
College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China

摘要

摘要: 针对膜下滴灌棉田土壤根际低氧胁迫抑制棉花水分利用问题，探讨不同生长阶段加气灌溉对棉花生长发育及水分利用的影响。研究设置了苗期、蕾期、花铃期、蕾期+花铃期、苗期+蕾期+花铃期5个加气阶段，以生育期不加气为对照进行田间试验。结果表明：花铃期加气土壤呼吸和土壤温度峰值较其他处理延后，使加气效果得到延长，更好地改善了土壤环境，在获得最大产量的同时，水分利用效率也最高。土壤氧气含量对棉花产量的影响程度最大，且花铃期土壤氧气含量对产量和水分利用效率的正面影响均大于其他生育期。因此，在棉花花铃期进行加气灌溉是缓解覆膜造成的棉花根际低氧胁迫，提升棉花产量与水分利用效率的最佳时期。研究结果对揭示加气灌溉对棉花生长的影响机制及进一步提高水土资源利用率提供了理论依据。
- 棉花 /
- 土壤 /
- 温度 /
- 膜下滴灌 /
- 加气灌溉 /
- 呼吸速率 /
- 水分利用效率
Abstract: Abstract: Low-oxygen stress can pose a considerable threat to cotton production in the Xinjiang dry regions of Northwest China. Aerated irrigation has been widely considered to optimize the soil water-aeration environment, thus mitigating the adverse effects of low oxygen stress on the crop. However, aerated irrigation can also increase the irrigation time for less irrigation efficiency. Therefore, it is very necessary to consider the sensitivity of the cotton to hypoxic stress at different growth stages. A reasonable mode of aerated irrigation can also be established to quantify the response of the cotton growth and yield to the hypoxic stress during cultivation. Moreover, there is no consensus on the sensitivity of the cotton to low oxygen stress at various growth stages at present. This study aims to determine the effects of aerated irrigation at different growth stages on the soil environment, cotton growth, yield, and water production. A correlation was also made between the soil oxygen concentration, soil respiration rate, and soil temperature, with the cotton growth and yield. A field experiment was then conducted at the Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps at Shihezi University in Xinjiang, China, in 2021. The experimental settings were aerated irrigation (the dissolved oxygen concentration of 15 mg/L), and conventional non-aerated treatment (CK, the dissolved oxygen concentration of 5 mg/L) at the seedling (AS), budding (AB), flowering and boll (AF), budding, flowering and boll (ABF), and seedling, budding, flowering and boll (AW) stage. There were a total of 18 plots with three times repeated. The cotton variety was selected as "Xin Lu early 42", which was sown on April 15 and harvested on September 30. The subsurface drip irrigation was adopted for aerating using Mazzei air injector. A measurement was conducted on the soil oxygen content, soil respiration rate, soil temperature, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, yield, yield components, and water use efficiency. The results showed : 1 ) Soil oxygen content increased significantly under aerated irrigation. The peak values of soil respiration and soil temperature in seedling and budding aeration treatments appeared at the end of budding stage (day 92), while the peak value of aeration in flowering and boll stage was delayed compared with other treatments, which prolonged the aeration effect and improved the soil environment. 2) At seedling stage, aerated irrigation had no significant effect on plant height, stem diameter and leaf area index of cotton. At the squaring stage, aerated irrigation only had a significant positive effect on plant height; at the full budding stage, aerated irrigation had significant effects on plant height, stem diameter and leaf area index of cotton. At the initial flowering stage, aerated irrigation had significant effects on stem diameter and leaf area index. 3) The aerated yield at seedling stage was higher, the water use efficiency was lower, and the aerated yield at budding stage was the lowest compared with other aerated treatments. Aeration at flowering and boll stage not only obtained the maximum yield, but also had the highest water use efficiency. There was no significant difference in yield between aeration at seedling, bud, flowering and boll-setting stage and that at flowering and boll stage, but the water use efficiency was lower than that of aeration at flowering and boll stage. The results showed that aerated irrigation at flowering and boll stage could alleviate the cotton low-oxygen stress caused by film mulching and improve yield and water use efficiency. Consequently, the aerating in the early stage of cotton growth was beneficial to the strong seedlings, while the middle stage was easy to cause the cotton branches and leaves to grow, and the most suitable period for aerating to improve yield was the late stage. As such, aerated irrigation was recommended at the flowering and boll stage in terms of energy loss, nutrient distribution, and cotton yield. The finding can provide a theoretical basis to reveal the effect of aerated irrigation on cotton growth, thus improving the utilization of soil and water resources.
- cotton /
- soils /
- temperature /
- mulched drip irrigation /
- aerated irrigation /
- respiration rate /
- water use efficiency

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