Abstract: Rice-rape and rice-wheat rotations dominate the cropping patterns in the paddy upland rotation area in the middle and lower of the Yangtze River of China. The alternate drying and wetting process in the rotation tends to make the soil sticky and compact. The soil can also easily adhere to the soil-engaging components of the tillage machine in the actual preparation of arable lands, leading to low plowing efficiency and quality, as well as low traction efficiency but high power consumption. In this study, a barrier-type rotary anti-adhesion blade roller with a vibration crosspiece was designed to promote the quality and efficiency of the rotary blade roller caused by the soil adhesion during paddy field operation. The main purpose was also to realize the anti-adhesion of inherent components and the detachment performance of the crosspiece in the operation process. The rotation radius of the crosspiece was greater than the cutter shaft. A closed cylindrical area was formed to isolate the cutter shaft during the working process, in order to prevent the soil thrown by the rotary tillage blade from adhering to the cutter shaft. An opposite direction was set as the shear movement of the upper and lower crosspiece symmetrically installed on the blade roller driven by the vibration excitation device. As such, the soil adhered to the cutter shaft was sheared to break and then fall off. At the same time, the acceleration generated by the reciprocating motion of the crosspiece greatly contributed to preventing the soil from the crosspiece bar surface. Finally, the adhesion reduction and detachment were realized for the soil that entered the rotary blade roller via the comprehensive effect of barrier, shear and vibration of the crosspiece. The force states of soil particles were analyzed under the action of the vibration crosspiece and the structure of the vibration excitation device. After that, the structural parameters were determined in the vibration excitation device. A systematic analysis was made of the structure of the anti-adhesion blade roller, according to the throwing kinematics and dynamic process of the rotary tillage blade. Subsequently, the structural parameters of the anti-adhesion blade roller were designed to obtain the kinematic requirements for the separation of soil and rotary tillage blade. The key factors affecting the detachment performance of the anti-adhesion blade roller were determined as the cutting pitch of rotary tillage, blade roller rotary speed, and rotation radius of the crosspiece. Combined with the discrete element simulation, the Box-Behnken experiment was carried out with the number of contact between soil particles and crosspiece per unit time as the evaluation index in the detachment performance of the rotary blade roller. The optimal combination of parameters was determined as the cutting pitch of rotary tillage of 6.3 cm, the blade roller rotary speed of 260 r/min, and the rotation radius of the crosspiece of 140 mm. The simulation experiment was carried out to verify, according to the optimization parameters. It was found that the contact numbers between crosspiece and soil particles per unit of time were 127.89, with relative errors of 6.44%, which was basically consistent with the prediction of the regression equation. The structural parameters of the vibration excitation device were then optimized under the condition of optimal parameter combination. The motion characteristics of the crosspiece driven by the vibration excitation device were analyzed to obtain the structural parameters using the MATLAB software. Three paddy fields were selected as experimental sites, in order to verify the applicability and detachment performance of a barrier-type rotary anti-adhesion blade roller with the vibration crosspiece. The field experiments were carried out under the optimal parameters combination. The multi-field performance experiment and rotary tillage comparison showed that the improved device was suitable for mechanized seed bed preparation in most paddy fields. The soil adhesion of the rotary tillage anti-adhesion blade roller was also much less than that of the traditional. The average tillage depth stability coefficient, soil layer levelness, soil broken rate, adhesion mass, soil distribution uniformity, and straw buried rate were 92.02%, 15.21 mm, 81.81%, 2.63 kg, 10.99%, and 92.27%, respectively. All indexes fully met the design and agronomic requirements. The findings can provide the theoretical basis and technical support to design the adhesion reduction and detachment of rotary tillers in paddy fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.