中国土地资源的可耕性评价及其保护策略

陈红; 杨润佳; 叶艳妹

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202204245

中国土地资源的可耕性评价及其保护策略

1.
浙江大学公共管理学院，杭州 310058
2.
城乡建设用地节约集约利用实验室，北京 100812

基金项目: 国家社科基金重大项目"城乡区域平衡发展理念下的土地制度综合改革研究"（19ZDA088）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-23
- 修回日期: 2023-01-31
- 发布日期: 2023-03-14

Cultivability evaluation and conservation strategies of land resources in China

1.
School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.
Laboratory of Rural-Urban Construction Land Economical and Intensive Use, Beijing 100812, China

摘要

摘要: 人多地少是中国的基本国情，人均耕地面积大约只有世界平均水平的1/3。突破现有耕地保护内涵对重新认识耕地保护具有重要意义，能更大程度保障国家粮食安全。该研究界定可耕地内涵，运用生态位模型和GIS空间分析法对全国范围内的土地开展可耕性评价，测算可耕地规模和空间布局，分析可耕地与现状耕地空间冲突，并提出耕地保护转型策略。结果表明：1）可耕地数量充足，约为现状耕地的2.05倍，主要分布在胡焕庸线以东区域。2）可耕地质量从东南向西北呈阶层分布，质量逐渐降低。3）可耕地与现状耕地存在空间错配，16.83%的现状耕地分布在不可耕作区。可耕地的提出为耕地保护转型提供了方向，可耕性评价有助于摸清中国可以耕作的土地资源本底，开展可耕地分级分区保护并依据分级分区结果适当调整现状耕地、新增耕地布局，进而实现良田粮用，确保国家粮食出现危机时及时提供足量的耕地投入农业生产。
- 耕地 /
- 模型 /
- 可耕性评价 /
- 耕地保护转型 /
- 空间冲突 /
- 生态位模型
Abstract: Only one third of the world average can be found in the per capita farmland in China. Furthermore, a large number of high-quality cultivated land has been occupied and replaced by low-quality farmland with the continuous development of urbanization in recent years. The unsuitable or uncultivable distribution of farmland in areas (such as beaches and mountains) has posed a serious threat to the national security of farmland. Great challenges have also been put the national food security in the context of emergencies, such as epidemics and disasters. It is a high demand for the high level self-sufficiency in food production under a large population during this time. In this study, a new understanding was offered to protect the farmland system, in order to change the perception from the farmland system to the cultivatable land. The ecological niche model and geographic information system (GIS) were used to measure the scale size and spatial distribution of cultivatable land, current farmland, and construction land. Firstly, the amount of cultivatable land was sufficient with the outstanding difference in spatial distribution. The cultivatable land was sufficient in the east of Chinese Heihe-Tengchongn line, where the area was approximately 2.05 times that of the current farmland. Secondly, there was the uneven quality of current farmland, where the less current farmland was distributed in the highly cultivable areas. There was an outstanding location difference in cultivatable land quality. The cultivatable land showed a hierarchical level in different areas, where the quality gradually decreased from the southeast to the northwest of China. Thirdly, there was a spatial mismatch between the cultivatable land and the current farmland. About 16.83% of the current farmland was in the unsuitable area for cultivation. The current farmland was distributed in the uncultivable areas, where the low quality of farmland led to low production in the essential goal of farmland protection, due to the mismatch between the cultivatable land and current farmland. The proposal of cultivatable land was provided the direction for the transformation of farmland protection. The "grain-land" mismatch rate of farmland also reduced resource consumption and environmental pollution. The cultivatable land grading and zoning protection were carried out to appropriately adjust the layout of current and new farmland, in order to realize the fertile land for grain use and storage. At the same time, the protection of cultivatable land can greatly contribute to the cultivatable capacity of the land, in order to avoid the encroachment and squeezing of the cultivatable land, due to urbanization. The retention of enough land can be expected to fully meet the possible future farming needs. Therefore, sufficient cultivatable land can be provided in time for agricultural production.
- farmland /
- models /
- evaluation of cultivability /
- transformation of farmland protection /
- space conflict /
- ecological niche model

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