微纳米增氧水添加对土壤中溶解氧耗散的影响

    Effects of micro-nano oxygenated water addition on dissolved oxygen dissipation in soil

    • 摘要: 微纳米增氧灌溉可缓解作物根区氧气限制,促进作物代谢活动和生长发育。为探究微纳米增氧水添加后土壤溶解氧耗散规律及其增氧效果,该研究以初始干旱土壤和初始湿润土壤为研究对象,使用微氧电极技术,监测不同微纳米增氧水平下淹水土壤溶解氧浓度变化规律。结果表明:1)土壤溶解氧浓度随时间呈现快速下降阶段、缓速下降阶段两段式规律,其中快速下降阶段土壤溶解氧耗散以气体扩散为主,耗散曲线符合对数函数规律;缓速下降阶段土壤溶解氧耗散以微生物消耗为主,耗散曲线符合Logistic函数或线性函数规律;2)在初始干旱土壤试验的快速下降阶段,与常规对照处理CK(O2浓度:8~9 mg/L)相比,O1(O2浓度:15 mg/L)、O2(O2浓度:20 mg/L)处理溶解氧留存时间分别延长了40.11%和189.62%;在初始湿润土壤试验的快速下降阶段,O1、O2处理溶解氧耗散时间分别延长了445.16%和2 741.94%;3)在微生物活性较低的土壤(初始干旱土壤)中,氧气与底物都是溶解氧消耗的关键限制要素,增氧和底物添加均能提高土壤中溶解氧的消耗速率,从而缩短了溶解氧在土壤中的留存时间。在微生物活性较高的土壤(初始湿润土壤)中,底物成为微生物活性关键限制要素,增氧灌溉后土壤中高氧状态维持时间较长。综上,微纳米增氧水灌溉可有效提高土壤中溶解氧浓度、延长溶解氧耗散时间,为作物根系、土壤微生物提供良好的供氧环境。

       

      Abstract: Low soil aeration often causes the hypoxia stress in the root zone, deteriorating to the normal metabolic activities and growth of crops.Micro-nano oxygenation technology can be expected to serve as the potential type of irrigation water oxygenation. But it is still lacking on the oxygenation effect and the change of dissolved oxygen concentration after entering the soil.In this study, a series of the indoor simulation experiments were carried out to clarify the effect of micro-nano oxygenated water addition on the dissolved oxygen dissipation in soil. Three kinds of oxygen concentration gradient water CK: Tap water (8-9 mg/L), O1:15 mg/L, O2:20 mg/L were prepared to supersaturate the soil moisture in the air-dried and pre-cultivated soil using the micro-nano oxygenation. The oxygen micro-electrode was used to monitor the changes of dissolved oxygen concentration in the soil in real-time. The experiment was also performed on the treatments with the glucose and ammonium sulfate as the carbon and nitrogen substrates in the irrigation water under the different dissolved oxygen content. The variation soil dissolved oxygen dissipation was then determined in each treatment.The results show that: 1) A two-stage law was found in the rapid decline stage, followed by the slow decline stage, according to the increase of soil dissolved oxygen concentration with the time. The dissipation of soil dissolved oxygen was dominated by the gas diffusion in the rapid decline stage. The dissipation curve was conformed to a logarithmic function.In the slow decline stage, the consumption of soil dissolved oxygen was mainly microbial consumption, where the dissipation curve was conformed to the Logistic or linear function.2) In the rapid decline stage of the air-dried soil test, the higher the oxygen concentration was, the longer the high oxygen state in the soil was maintained, and the higher the dissolved oxygen consumption rate was, compared with the conventional water treatment. The retention time of dissolved oxygen in the O1 and O2 treatment was prolonged by 40.11%, and 189.62%, respectively, compared with CK.The rapid decline stage of the pre-cultured soil test also showed a similar law to the air-dried soil test. Compared with the conventional water treatment, the dissolved oxygen dissipation time of O1 and O2 treatment was prolonged by 445.16%, and 2741.94%, respectively.3) Insoilswith low microbial activity(the air-dried soil), oxygen and substrate are the key limiting factors of dissolved oxygen consumption. Both oxygen enrichment and substrate addition could improve the consumption rate of dissolved oxygen in the soil, thus reducing the retention time of dissolved oxygen in the soil. Insoilswith higher microbial activity(the pre-cultivated soil), substrate becomes the key limiting factor of microbial activity, and the high oxygen state in the soil will maintain for a long time after aerobic irrigation. In summary, there was the rapid and then slow decline stage in the change of soil dissolved oxygen content with time after the application of micro-nano oxygenated water. An overall downward trend with first fast and then slow can be expected to effectively enhance the oxygen concentration in the soil for the long period of time.The existence time of available oxygen in the soil can provide the better oxygen environment in the crop roots and soil microorganisms.

       

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