植物柔性传感器研究进展与展望

    Research progress and prospects of the plant flexible sensors

    • 摘要: 智慧农业的快速发展对农业传感器的精确性和生物安全性提出了更高的要求。不同于传统的刚性传感器,近年来新兴的植物柔性传感器因具有出色的力学特性和良好的生物相容性,在农业领域引起了广泛关注。该综述首先概述了制备植物柔性传感器所需的材料及制备工艺,重点阐述了植物柔性传感器在作物生长中的监测应用,如对植物电信号、挥发性化学物质、水分含量、生长速率的监测,以及对植物表面温度、湿度、照度等小气候的监测。同时介绍了柔性电子自供电的发展现状。最后,对植物柔性电子在智慧农业领域中的应用进行了总结和展望,以期为基于植物柔性传感器及相应传感网络的智慧农业管理系统提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: Sensing technology can be greatly contributed to smart production in modern agriculture in recent years. It is a high demand for the accuracy and biosafety requirements of agricultural sensors. However, most traditional agricultural sensors cannot be deformed, due to their rigid properties. As a result, such sensors often hinder and even damage the normal growth of plants, due to misalignment. In addition, the intrusive detection behavior of rigid sensors can also lead to data distortion, due to the activation of the plant's self-healing mechanism. The new materials and manufacturing preparation have produced the plant's flexible sensors. Different from traditional rigid sensors, plant flexible sensors have attracted widespread attention and research interest in the agricultural field, due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this review, the materials and preparation were firstly outlined required to fabricate the plant's flexible sensors. Three categories were divided into substrate, functional, and packaging materials, according to their function. At the same time, the preparation materials should meet the requirements of the application, in terms of biocompatibility, air permeability, and light transmission, in addition to the corresponding functions. A summary was proposed to compare the preparation materials and properties of existing plant flexible sensors. The preparation of plant flexible sensors was presented in two aspects of film preparation and micro-nano patterning. And then the review was focused on the implementation of flexible plant sensors to track the growth process of crops. The monitoring reviewed the physiological information of the crop, such as the plant's electrical signals, volatile chemicals, water content, and growth rate. The flexible plant sensors were used to monitor the environment of the growing plant, including the plant surface temperature, humidity, and illumination. The real-time monitoring data of plant growth status was recorded to propose timely and reliable response strategies. At the same time, the state-of-the-art flexible electronic self-powering was presented to introduce the existing flexible power supply system. The most promising plant-flexible electronic power supply system was then set as the emerging nano-friction power generation, due to its excellent biocompatibility and highly flexible. As a result, the improved system was better adapted to the properties of plants. Such power supplies were still at the laboratory stage. The bottleneck and development trend of plant flexible electronics in the field of smart agriculture were: 1) How to achieve multi-functional monitoring under the premise of data reliability. The medical flexible electronics and bio-machine interface were established using signal conditioning pattern recognition. 2) A high demand was to avoid the weight of the sensor and the damage caused by chemical leaching to plant growth and life, in addition to the potential negative effects on plant photosynthesis and respiration. A reliable strategy was to select biodegradable materials with excellent biocompatibility for the manufacture of sensors. 3) The mismatch can be one of the most challenges of flexible sensors that are applied to plants, due to the rapid growth of plants. The solutions were proposed from two aspects: Material and structure; 4) It is necessary to develop the nano-friction power generation, and some functional systems, such as flexible lithium batteries, photovoltaic cells, and supercapacitors.

       

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