中国高标准农田建设现状与发展趋势

    Current situation and development trend of well-facilitated farmland construction in China

    • 摘要: 高标准农田建设是保障中国粮食安全的一项重要举措,中国已进入要逐步把永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田的新时期。为充分了解中国高标准农田建设现状,把握新时期发展趋势,该研究采用问卷调研的形式调研了28个省份高标准农田新建与改造提升工作。结果表明:已建成的高标准农田主要集中在长江中下游区、黄淮海区、东北区,各地已建高标准农田改造提升的需求较大。当前高标准农田建设存在的问题主要是工程设施老化和耕地地力不足,其中,以灌溉排水工程和田间道路工程的老化问题最为凸显,地力问题中最为普遍的是土壤有机质含量低。新时期高标准农田建设应完善各项工程设施配套,重点加强灌溉排水工程、田间道路建设,注重耕地地力提升,因地制宜强化建设规划的科学性,增强建设方案的可行性与生态可持续性。运用新理念、新技术为农田赋能,探索建设高效节水农田、数字智慧农田、绿色低碳农田,不断向建设高效化、信息化、绿色化的现代化农业迈进。研究可为中国新时期高标准农田建设工作提供重要参考,为推动农业现代化提供支撑。

       

      Abstract: Well-facilitated farmland construction is one of the most important initiatives for national food security. All permanent basic farmland is required to gradually build into well-facilitated farmland in recent years. However, most of the existing studies are aimed at the situation in a certain region and aspect, such as the evaluation of regional construction performance and programs at present. It is conducive to summarizing the current situation of construction and the subsequent development needs on a nationwide scale. This review aims to fully understand the current situation of well-facilitated farmland construction in China, in order to grasp the development trend for the subsequent implementation of the follow-up work. A questionnaire was used to investigate the new construction and upgrading of well-facilitated farmland in 28 provinces. The results showed that the completed well-facilitated farmland was concentrated mainly in the Middle-Lower Yangtze, the Huang-Huai-Hai, and the Northeast zones. There was a high demand for the retrofit and upgrading of the constructed well-facilitated farmland in various places. The large area of retrofit and upgrading was attributed to the combination of funding, policy, management, and technology. The construction quality cannot fully meet the expectations, due to the lack of construction investment. The different construction of the main body resulted in the nonuniform standards of well-facilitated farmland construction without the management and maintenance. There was the aging of engineering facilities and the cultivated land with insufficient fertility current well-facilitated farmland construction, most of which was the aging of irrigation and drainage, as well as field road projects. The most common issue of land was the lack of soil organic matter content. In addition, they were also commonly found in the aging field remediation, aging farmland transmission and distribution, soil compaction and insufficient effective thickness layer. Distinct regional characteristics were observed in the soil sanding, acidification and salinization. Although there were some differences in the construction bases, as well as retrofit and upgrading needs of well-facilitated farmland in each construction region, the quality of construction was effectively improved to focus on the key issues for the comprehensive upgrading of construction standards. Therefore, the construction of well-facilitated farmland should improve all engineering facilities to strengthen the irrigation and drainage projects, as well as the field road construction. The enhancement of arable land can be focused on strengthening the scientific nature of construction planning for the feasibility and ecological sustainability of the construction programs, according to the local conditions. New concepts and technologies can be expected to empower the highly efficient water-saving, digital intelligent, and green low-carbon farmland in the efficient, information-based, green and modernized agriculture. The findings can also provide an important reference for China's well-facilitated farmland construction in the promotion of agricultural modernization.

       

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