基于多功能评价与权衡-协同关系的福建省耕地区划管控

    Control and management of cropland regionalization in Fujian Province of China using multi-functional evaluation and trade-off/synergy relationships

    • 摘要: 为促进耕地功能协调发展,实现耕地的科学保护与合理利用,该研究构建耕地多功能评价体系,以县域为评价单元,运用综合分析法和Pearson积矩相关系数法,评价2005—2020年福建省耕地多功能水平,分析其时空变化特征和各维度功能间权衡-协同关系。研究结果表明:1)耕地多功能水平在福建大部分地区微幅下降,高值区集聚于耕地生产条件和生态条件优越,且对农民生活和就业保障能力较高的闽东和闽西地区。其中,生产功能呈现上升趋势;生态功能略微下降;社会功能与景观功能均有所提高,前者空间变化由山区向沿海地区减弱,后者相反。2)各维度功能间多以权衡关系为主,仅生产-生态功能和生产-景观功能呈现协同关系的区域占50%以上。呈现权衡关系的栅格数量比例由高到低分别为生态-社会功能、生产-社会功能、社会-景观功能与生态-景观功能,且各对功能组合的权衡-协同关系存在空间异质性。3)根据耕地现状条件,结合各地区农业生产特点,通过叠加耕地单项功能组合与不同功能间权衡-协同关系,将耕地功能区划分为4类区域,包括优势保护区(38.52%)、严格管控区(36.71%)、整治修复区(6.98%)和转型退出区(17.79%),并提出分区方案及差异化管控建议。其中,优势保护区主要分布在闽东和闽西地区,严格管控区主要分布在闽北和闽南沿海地区,整治修复区主要分布在闽南的漳州地区,转型退出区零散分布在各地市。该研究成果可为科学保护和利用耕地资源,促进耕地多功能协调发展和提高耕地利用效率提供参考依据。

       

      Abstract: Cropland is one of the most important resources in a complex ecosystem with the highest degree of human dependence, in order to ensure the regional food and ecological security for the better settlement environment. The coordinated development can be expected to promote in the multi-functions of cropland for the scientific protection and rational utilization of cropland. Therefore, it is very necessary to scientifically evaluate the spatiotemporal changes of multi-functions of cropland, and to clarify the change of trade-off and synergy among various functions of cropland, due to the natural supply and the demand of human society. Taking Fujian Province in southeastern China as an example, this study aims to construct a performance metrics, according to four dimensions of cropland production, ecological, social, and landscape functions. The multi-functional level of cropland was evaluated on the county scale. The comprehensive analysis was introduced to evaluate the multi-functions of cropland, and then to explore the spatial-temporal variation from 2005 to 2020. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was selected to analyze the trade-off and synergy relationships among the functions of each dimension. The results showed that: 1) The multi-functional level of cropland decreased slightly in the most areas. Specifically, the high-value areas were concentrated in the eastern and western regions, with the superior productive and ecological function of cropland. The higher ability was found to guarantee the living and employment of farmers. Among them, the production function showed an upward trend, while the ecological function decreased slightly. Both social and landscape functions were improved significantly. The spatial change of social function was weakened from the mountain to the coastal area, whereas, there was the strong spatial change of landscape function. 2) Synergy relationships were dominated among cropland multi-functions. Only the production-ecological and production-landscape function showed the synergy relationship in more than 50% of the areas. The proportion of grid quantity with the trade-off relationship was ranked in the descending order of the ecological-social, production-social, social-landscape, and ecological-landscape function. A spatial heterogeneity was observed in the trade-off and synergy relationship of each function combination. 3) The present condition of cropland was used to determine the characteristics of agricultural production in the different regions. The single function of cultivated land was combined with the trade-off between different functions. The cropland functional areas were divided into four types, including the superiority protection area (38.52%), strict control area (36.71%), remediation area (6.98%), and transition or exit area (17.79%). Some differentiated management and control suggestions were proposed as well. The superiority protection areas were distributed mainly in the eastern and western regions, while the strict control areas were distributed mainly in the coastal areas of northern and southern regions, and the remediation areas were in the Zhangzhou region of Southern regions, as well as the transition or exit areas were scattered throughout the cities. The findings can provide an important decision-making support to protect the cropland resources. The coordinated development can be expected to promote the multi-functions of cropland for the high efficiency of cropland land use.

       

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