农业知识驱动服务技术革新综述与前沿

    Agricultural knowledge driven service technology innovation: Overview and frontiers

    • 摘要: 农业知识驱动服务技术是指运用先进信息技术,科学、高效调配农业领域专业知识服务资源,为农业行业提供智能化知识服务的技术,在解决农业技术服务供需严重失衡等难点问题方面具有重要意义,日益成为支撑农业转型升级和高质量发展的重要引擎,代表着核心研究方向,伴随着技术发展全过程。目前农业行业迫切需要解决的是知识供给严重不足、服务效率不高的问题。农业知识驱动服务技术经历较长时间发展,在知识高效匹配和精准供给方面取得了较大进步,特别是2022年11月以来ChatGPT这类技术的出现,充分展现了超大规模预训练模型在知识智能服务方面的巨大潜力,这也是农业知识驱动服务可以取得突破的关键所在,可以在这方面发挥重要作用。该文在分析农业知识驱动服务相关技术现状的基础上,展望了农业领域可行的知识驱动服务技术路径,预测农业领域知识服务大模型研发构建会呈现参数由少到多、算力由弱趋强、强化训练逐渐加深的特点得到快速发展应用,未来将在专业技术指导、农业“装备-信息-农艺”融合、农业信息系统平台服务总线等方面系统升级现有农业知识服务范式,多模态服务将得到系统融合加深,人机交互模式将向“人性化”方向进一步黏合增强,从而为农业智能化转型升级提供全新的技术支撑,引领农业知识服务从数据检索、语义匹配迈向生成式知识驱动模式转变。

       

      Abstract: Agricultural knowledge-driven service technology (AKDST) can enable to generate natural language using promising artificial intelligence (AI). Various domains and formats of intelligent and personalized knowledge can be provided from crop production to food processing in the agricultural industry. AKDST can serve as a promising knowledge service to promote the quality and productivity in modern agriculture. This is also the main goal of current agriculture to fully meet the essential requirements of modern society. As such, there is great potential and opportunities for AKDST in the frontier of agricultural research. The whole process of technology development can be covered from the conception design, implementation, evaluation, application, and dissemination. Meanwhile, it is urgently necessary to require sufficient and efficient knowledge services in the agricultural industry at present. The current knowledge service can be improved to realize the short waiting time with low cost, high coverage, and accuracy. AKDST can be expected to translate the great progress in personalized and customized knowledge services. The most relevant and useful knowledge can also be found in the preferred modalities and formats, according to the needs and preferences. Especially, the advanced ChatGPT has been released to provide interactive and participatory knowledge services since November 2022. The large-scale pre-trained models can be potential for agricultural knowledge-intelligent services. The existing knowledge can be easily accessed to share the innovative technology. ChatGPT can serve as the prime example to generate fluent and coherent dialogues with technical support and feedback in the AKDST advancement. This review aims to analyze the current status and trend of AKDST-related technologies, and then prospect the potential of AKDST in the field of agriculture. Future research was also recommended to design and implement the large-scale pre-trained models. The more powerful and versatile AKDST was achieved in the large model, performance, and learning. In addition, the current mode of agricultural knowledge service was updated from the data retrieval, semantic matching, and the passive and static knowledge bases. Furthermore, technical support was combined with the agricultural machinery, information technology, agronomic practices, and communication channels for different components in the agricultural information system. Multimodal service was integrated with the text, image, voice, and video. The human-machine interaction was further enhanced suitable for human behaviors, habits, and cultures, considering human needs, preferences, emotions, human values, rights, and dignity. Technical support was also provided in the intelligence of agriculture, leading to the transformation from the agricultural knowledge service to the generative knowledge-driven mode. New knowledge was created using existing knowledge. Novel and diverse knowledge was output, such as summaries, explanations, suggestions, and evaluations.

       

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